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Karteikarten

Magical Thinking

Dooney 205 Developmental Englisch 70 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (70)

  1. 1Who found showing a magical clip makes child better able to make distinction between real and fantasy?Subbotsky and Slater (2011)
  2. 2Who found children have an increased ability to distinguish fantasy and reality?Comstock and Scharrer (2006)
  3. 3What task did Subbotsky and Slater (2011) have 6- and 9-year-olds do?A computer interactive test, had to pick if a realistic picture or not possible, went with a target picture (one type or the other)
  4. 4Who did a study about magical thinking and memory, in regards to advertising?Subbotsky and Matthew (2011)
  5. 5Who found bizzare imagery improves memory?Einstein and McDaniel (1987)
  6. 6Who were the participants in Subbotsky and Matthews (2011)?Adolescents and adults, adverts aren't aimed at 4-8 years old.
  7. 7What was the task in Subbotsky and Matthews (2011)?Participants watched 2 films, magical and non-magical, and had to recall as many as possible
  8. 8What was the results for adolescents in Subbotsky and Matthews (2011)?Immediately, big difference (magic better), after a while, little difference.
  9. 9What was the results of adults in Subbotsky and Matthews (2011)?Little difference straight away, magic better after delay.
  10. 10What is the educational implication of magical thinking for children?Exposing to magical media can improve performance via enhancing their cognitive function
  11. 11What is the educational implication of magical thinking for children?Exposing to magical media can improve performance via enhancing their cognitive function
  12. 12What is the implication for adults and adolescents regarding magical thinking?Magic is a helpful 'associative marker'
  13. 13Why do 6 year olds believe in magic?Culture supports and maintains these beliefs, for instance in santa
  14. 14Who managed to introduce an artifical fantastic entity to 3- and 4-year-olds, who believed it exists?Wooley et al. (2002)
  15. 15What are the two explanations as to why 6-year-olds verbally deny believing in magic when they act like they do?1) cost and benefits of engaging in magical behaviour in different circumstances
    2) Verbal judgements reflect children being sceptical as magic doesn't occur often in real life
  16. 16How does the the cost and benefits explanation of the verbal and behavioural difference?Interviews create rational thought processes.
  17. 17Which two studies said it was key to reverse the rational thought processes for children to be prepared to engage in magical thinking?Woolley and Phelps (1994)
    Woolley (1997)
  18. 18Who tested to see if children were shown an effect which looked magical, if they would stay sceptical or change their mind?Subbotsky (2004)
  19. 19What was the magical effect in Subbotsky (2004)?Experimenter put a stamp in an empty box, cast a spell to burn stamp, and it happened.
  20. 20In Subbotsky (2004), before shown the magical effect, children were interviewed on their understanding of, what?Difference between proper magic, and magic tricks.
  21. 21The results of Subbotsky's (2004) conceptual trial were...4 year olds did not know the difference
    Just over half of 6 year olds knew the difference
    Most of 8 year olds knew the difference
  22. 22What followed the conceptual trial in Subbotsky (2004)?Ontological trial, asked if they believed in magic or not.
  23. 23In regard to the non-believers in Subbotsky (2004), what was found when they were shown a magical event?Most 5 and 6 year olds abandoned sceptism. Only half of 9 year olds changed.
  24. 24What was the break down of believers and non-believers in Subbotsky (2004)?5 year olds were half and half
    6 and 9 year olds were mostly non-believers
  25. 25In Subbotsky (2004), the magic believers were...Shown the trick, of how the stamp was burned. Then asked again about magic beliefs.
  26. 26What was the results of the prompt trail with the believers in Subbotsky (2004)?Most 5 year olds ignored the hint.
    But most 6 and 9 year olds changed.
  27. 27What is a problem with Subbotsky (2004)?Demand characteristics, showing the trick could have lead children to think the experimenter wanted them to say no, reverse when showing the trick
  28. 28What was found with Subbotsky (2004) in adults?Even after being repeatedly shown magical event, none fell to magical explanation, all believed it was a trick
  29. 29What are the three Anthropology studies of adult's belief in magic?Luhrman (1989), several thousand practise magic in England. Gorer (1955), 23% of working class believe in ghosts, 53% visit fortune teller. Jahoda, lots of superstitious people
  30. 30Who conducted the contagion studies?Rozin et al.
  31. 31What are two findings of Rozin et al.?Students reluctant to taste preferred juice when a dead, sterilized, cockroach was dipped into it. Also less willing to eat chocolate if shaped like dog faeces
  32. 32Who found student would rather drink sugary water from glass labelled sucrose than cyanide?Rozin et al. (1986)
  33. 33Who found student wouldn't drink sugary water from a glass labelled, 'not cyanide, not poison'?Rozin et al. (1990)
  34. 34Who found students rated a sweater worn by a person with AIDs less desirable than one by a healthy man?Rozin et al. (1992)
  35. 35What did Rozin et al. believed the contagion studies show?Participation (type of magical thinking)
  36. 36What is participations?A type of magical thinking, which leads a person to subconsciously suspend the borderline between their mind and real world
  37. 37Which disorder is participation related to?OCD
  38. 38Who found a significant association between magical thinking and obsessive compulsive thoughts?Bolton et al. (2002)
  39. 39Who found schizophrenic patients engage in more magical based compulsive thinking compared to other disorders?Tissots and Burnard (1980)
  40. 40Who found a class of healthy people, answer similar to schizophrenic patients in terms of obsessive compulsive thinking?Ecblad and Chapman (1983)
  41. 41What exploits and support magical belief in children?Multinational industries
  42. 42What is the definition of magical thinking?It is the believing that mental states can produce direct physical effects
  43. 43Which two studies found in most families children are exposed to magical folk characters?Clark (1995) and Wooley (1997)
  44. 44Name four types of magical thinking?1) Affecting physical objects and events by thinking of wishing. 2) Animating non-animate objects. 3) Violating laws of time and space. 4) Believing objects can bring luck or affect flow of events
  45. 45Are we magical thinkings, if so how are we?We all are, in our imagination, reliving the past, and our dreams.
  46. 46What is the definition of creativity?Capacity to generate novelty in action and thinking, separate of whether new products have or don't have utilitarian value (Smith, 2001)
  47. 47When does magical thinking turn into magical believing?When we admit magic from our imagination can go in the real world.
  48. 48What is divergent thinking?Solving problems, creating a variation of alternate solutions
  49. 49Where does magic exist in the world?Religion, art, and imagination.
  50. 50What is the difference between magical and creative thinking?Magical is unrealistic solutions, where as creative is realistic solutions.
  51. 51What is the link between magical and creative thinking?Both are forms of divergent thinking
  52. 52Generally, why don't we believe in magic?As science has proved otherwise.
  53. 53What are young children in Western cultures remain unimpressed by?Rationality
  54. 54A large number of adults....Have superstitions, magical healing, and members of religious cults
  55. 55Who created the TCAM test for creativity, and which age groups is it for?Torrance (1981)
    For 4-8 year olds
  56. 56Who said early childhood is a period when a person really believe in magical fairy characters?Buler (1930)
  57. 57In Subbotsky's study where he showed a magical clip, what were the measures of creativity?The TCAM test, and asked to draw an impossible entity. Latter the more the unusual features, more creative
  58. 58In Stubbotsky's film clip study, what is the problem with the drawing creative measure?Unusual features is 'unrealistic solution', which is more to do with magical thinking than creative.
  59. 59What did Piaget (1927) say about 4-7 year olds?They can attribute non-animate objects with consciousness and believing desires can exert magical activities over reality
  60. 60What was the results of Stubbotsky's film clip study?Magical clips boosted TCAM scores and more creative drawings too.
  61. 61The effect of Subbotsky's film clip study was found in...4, 6, and 8 year olds.
  62. 62Who conducted a study on 4-6 year olds, asking them to pretend a creature is in an empty box?Harris et al. (1991)
  63. 63What were the results of Harris et al. (1991)?When left alone, many children behaved as if there was a creature in the empty box
  64. 64Who demonstrated before 6 years, many children believed wishing could magically affect external reality?Wooley et al. (2000)
  65. 65Who did the study on 4, 5, and 6 year olds, telling them a story of a girl who had a magical box which could transform pictures of objects into real objects?Subbotsky (1985)
  66. 66What were the results of Subbotsky (1985)?When asked, all children denied it couldn't happen. But when left alone, most children attempted to turn pictures into objects.
  67. 67Subbostky's study with the girl with the magical table, what could the table do?Turn toys of animals into real animals
  68. 68What were the results of Subbotsky's magical table study?Only a few 4 year olds believed it could happen.Yet, when children had a chance to observe the table, and a small plastic lion moved, most children ran, or used magic wand to stop lion.
  69. 69Which ages were the participants in Subbotsky's Magical Table study?4, 5 and 6 years old
  70. 70What have studies found about 6 year olds?They act as believers in magic, even if they verbally do not admit to being one.

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Beschreibung
205 Developmental Karteikarten am Magical Thinking, erstellt von Dooney am 01/05/2013.
Erstellt von
Dooney
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