Karteikarten
Learning
Karten in diesem Stapel (37)
- 1What type of process is learning?Adaptive process that occurs as a result of experience
NOT a developmental pathway therefore it is reversible - 2What is habituation?Animal learns not to respond to a stimulus
- 3What stimuli can an animal become habituated to?Irrelevant stimuli only (i.e. not harmful)
- 4How is habituation carried out?Stimuli presented closer together resulting in persistent waning of a response
- 5Is habituation permanent?No
- 6What is associative learning?Animal makes predictions about the environment or the effect of its behaviour on the environment
- 7What are the 2 types of associative learning?1) Classical conditioning
2) Instrumental conditioning - 8What is another term for classical conditioning?Pavlovian conditioning
- 9What is another term for instrumental conditioning?Operant conditioning
- 10What technical term would be attributed to salivation when food smelt?Unconditioned response
- 11What technical term would be attributed to food?Unconditioned stimulus
- 12What technical term would be attributed to a bell being rung before arrival of food?Conditioned stimulus
- 13What technical term would be attributed to salivation on hearing a bell?Conditioned response
- 14Give an example of classical conditioning commonly seen in real lifeDogs responding when owner walks towards back door because they associate this with going for a walk
- 15Describe an example of instrumental conditioningPig explores until it presses a panel to switch on a heat lamp
Will then learn to press panel when it wants heat lamp to come on
Unconditioned response = exploring
Conditioned response = panel press - 16What is the main difference between classical and instrumental conditioning?In classical conditioning, the animal does not acquire a new response - UR same as CR
In operant conditioning, the animal acquires a new response so the UR and CR are different - 17A good example of instrumental conditioning is clicker training. What is the first step in clicker training?Initial step is classical conditioning to associate an unconditioned stimulus such as food with a conditioned stimulus such as a clicker
- 18What is the first law of conditioning?An increase in interval between the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus will decrease learning
- 19What is a problem with the first law of conditioning?Confuses temporal contiguity (closeness in time) and contingency or correlation
High contingency is more important in learning - 20Give an example of learning that can occur despite a long CS-US intervalFood aversion learning
- 21What is the second law of learning?The speed/strength of learning will increase with the intensity of the conditioned stimulus, and the value of the unconditioned stimulus
- 22What is another term for the unconditioned stimulus?Reinforcer
- 23What is the third law of conditioning?When the unconditioned stimulus (reinforcer) is withheld, the response declines
- 24What is the technical term for decline in response due to the reinforcer being withheld?Extinction
- 25What are the stages in the process of extinction?Acquisition of response
First extinction period - response declines as reinforcer withheld
May have spontaneous recovery after a long time interval
Second extinction period - 26What is the fourth law of conditioning?Equipotentiality
All pairs of events can be associated with equal ease - 27Give an example of an experiment that disproves the fourth law of conditioningCan train hamsters to associate certain behaviours such as scrabbling and digging when they see their handler with food reward
Will not work with other behaviours such as washing face because this would never result in obtaining food in the wild
Biological constraint on learning - 28What does classical conditioning provide the animal with an ability to do?Predict but not control the environment
- 29What does instrumental conditioning provide the animal with an ability to do?Predict and control the environment
- 30Why do animals imprint?Strong innate tendency to learn identify of parent
- 31What is filial imprinting?Genetic predisposition to be attracted to head of another animal
- 32What are appetitive reinforcers?Increase the likelihood of a behaviour
Can be positive or negative - 33What are positive reinforcers?Arrival contingent on behaviour
Increase likelihood of behaviour happening in future - 34What are negative reinforcers?Removal is contingent on behaviour
Increase the likelihood of the behaviour happening in future - 35What is punishment?Arrival contingent on behaviour
Decreases likelihood of the behaviour in future - 36Why is punishment often ineffective in training?Gives no indication of what animals should do
- 37What is social learning?Learning behaviours from other animals
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- BVSc Animal Management 2 (Behaviour & Welfare) Karteikarten am Learning, erstellt von Florence Edwards am 23/11/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Florence Edwards
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung