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Attachment studies- findings flashcards
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- 1What are the findings of Mary Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation'?She found:
66% securely attached- tended to explore the room, subdued on mothers departure, happy on her return. Mothers were sensitive
22% avoidant insecure- did not seem concerned on her absence or when she returned. Mothers described as ignoring their infants often.
12% resistant insecure- they were very distressed when their mother left and ignored her when she returned. Their mothers often act ambivalently. - 2What are the findings of Takahashi's study on cross cultural variations in attachment?He found:
68% of Japanese infants were securely attached.
32% were resistant-insecure
0% were avoidant-insecure
The Strange situation was not a valid form of assessment for other cultures.
Many of the observations had to be stopped before the child was left alone as it was too distressing. - 3What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg find in their meta-analysis of 32 Strange situation studies?That there was a relative consistency between cultures in terms of secure attachment.
Britain had the most children securely attached whilst China had the least.
West Germany had the most avoidant attached children.
Israel had the most resistant attached children. - 4What did Bowlby's study of 44 Juvenile thieves find?He found:
86% of those classed as affectionless psychopaths experienced early separations
17% of those who were emotionally maladjusted experienced early separations.
4% of the control group experienced early separations.
There is a link between early separations and later social and emotional development. - 5What did James and Joyce Robertson's research into separation find?They found that after studying children who were fostered whilst their parents were in hospital compared to a child who was cared for in a residential nursery those who were fostered experienced less disruption to attachment. It showed that disruption to attachment does not have to be negative if good quality substitute care is provided and links with existing bonds are maintained.
- 6What did Hodges and Tizard's study of ex-institutional children find?They found:
Those children who were adopted had better attachment bonds with their new parents than those who were restored to their birth parents.
However outside the home restored and adopted children displayed similar behaviour. They often had difficulty in their peer relations and sought adult attention. - 7What has further research into institutional care found?Rutter et. al found that the longer children experience deprivation the longer it will take for them to recover but recovery is possible when he studied 111 Romanian orphans.
Another study by Rutter on Romanian orphans found those adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachments and problems in peer relations. This shows that problems of deprivation can be solved if they are able to form attachments within the first 6 months.
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