Karteikarten
AQA Revisio
Karten in diesem Stapel (53)
- 1InputInfo 1
- 2Data TypesText
Still and moving images
Numbers
Sound - 3Input DevicesManual input - Keyboard, mouse
Touch-sensitive devices - concept keyboards, touch screens, graphics tablets
Speech recognition - Siri
Automated input - Card readers, Radio frequency ID
Scanners
Optical mark recognition/optical character recognition
Bard-code readers, magnetic ink character recognition
Sound input
Video input - webcams, digital cameras
Special-purpose input devices - pointers can be enlarged, speed of the mouse clicks can be adjusted, buttons on the mouse can be set left or right handed use, a large trackball may make movement easier for people with limited mobility
Games controllers - Wii - 4Choosing an input deviceThink about:
Type of data
Volume of data
User preferences
Cost considerations
Where the device is to be used - 5OutputInfo 1
- 6Output devicesVisual output - screens and monitors, large displays, small displays
Printers - laser, inkjet, multi-function
Plotters
Professional printers
Photo printing
Speakers - 7Special-purpose output devicesOn a monitor - increase the size of font, adjusting the screen resolution, magnifying the display by zooming in, adjusting the colour contrast between font and background
Using sound - text can be read as its typed, websites can use key words to describe graphics - 8Choosing an output deviceMonitors and screens
What kind of image needs to be viewed?
Where is it going to be viewed?
Who is going to view the image?
Internet access
Printers
What is to be printed?
How many documents?
What kind of media?
Who is to use the printer? - 9StorageInfo 1
- 10Reasons for storing dataBasic setup information and operating systems are required for the computer to function.
Application software needs to be available for the user to carry out tasks.
Files created by the user need to be stored so that they can be used again.
Data may need to be transferred from one device to another.
Backup copies need to be taken in case the original files are lost or have become corrupt. - 11File compressionreducing the size of the file by converting it to a different format.
- 12Types of storageInternal and external storage
Magnetic storage
Hard disks
Floppy disks
DAT tapes
Optical storage
Flash memory
Online storage - 13Think about when choosingThe volume of data to be stored
The reason the data is being stored
Whether data will need to be rewritten
Speed of recovery
Physical size of device - 14ICT systems and their componentsInfo 2
- 15Key termsInput, process and output (IPO): input is the capturing of data, process is converting the data into information and output is the information produced.
CPU: the Central Processing Unit, it is sometimes just referred to as the processor. In computing power terms, the CPU is the important part of a computer system where most calculations are carried out.
ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit - where calculations are done.
IDU: Instruction Decoding Unit.
Control Unit: provides the means of communicating with the machine. - 16ICT systems and their componentsInfo 2
- 17What is ICT?Information and Communication Technology is the use of technology for the input, processing, storage and transfer of data and the output of information.
- 18What is a system?All systems have 3 basic stages of input, processing and output.
A system can be paper-based. - 19Input-process-outputThe stages of IPO form the basic functions of a computer system. A simple explanation of how this occurs:
Data is entered via an input device, such as a keyboard.
Calculations, queries and other operations are performed on the data in the processing stage.
The results of the processing are sent to an output device such as a monitor. - 20What is an ICT system?ICT systems are those where the output from the system goes directly to a human being or into another ICT system.
- 21How and why organisations use ICT systemsICT systems meet particular organisational needs.
Help fulfil their goals - nature of the system will depend on what those goals are.
Commonplace for many organisations to use ICT systems to produce information that would traditionally be produced by a paper-based system.
Some have been created for situations which would have been impossible without the processing speed of a modern computer. - 22Components of ICT systemsPeople
Data
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Information - 23Data and informationInfo 2
- 24Key TermsEncoding: used by computers to convert the data into machine readable form.
Coding: some data is coded on collection before being entered and this changes the original data into shortened version by assigning a code. - 25Input - Process - OutputIn some systems, the output is fed back into the system, modifying the input until the correct output is produced.
If good quality information is produced, it can be used by humans to aid the decision-making process. - 26Bits and bytesA single unit in binary is called a 'bit' - stands for binary digit.
Computer memory is measured in 'bytes'. 1 byte = 8 bits. One byte can store one character. - 27Encoding and coding dataWhen data is collected it may need to be encoded.
It is often necessary to code data in order to be able to process it effectively. - 28Encoding DataUsed by computers to convert data into machine-readable form.
All computers understand is binary, 1s and 0s, but this is more difficult for humans to understand. For humans to be able to understand the
Data has to be encoded into binary for a computer to process and share, i.e. encoding our language into machine-readable form. - 29Example of the binary codes that make up the letters and numbers of the QWERTY keyboardSymbol - A
Decimal - 65
Binary - 01000001 - 30CodingGender: M or F for Male or Female
Questionnaire answers: Y or N for Yes or No - 31What is processing?Processing is the work the computer does on the data to convert it into information
It might involve calculations, logical operations such as sorts and queries or changing the shape of a sound wave to make the sound a higher or lower pitch. - 32What is information?Information is data that has been processed into something that is meaningful.
- 33What makes information valuable?Accuracy
Up to date
Complete
From a reliable source
Relevant - 34Uses of ICT systemsInfo 2
- 35What can ICT provide?Fast, repetitive processing
Vast storage capacity
Improved search facilities
Improved presentation of data
Improved accessibility of information and services
Improved security of data and processes - 36Is the use of ICT systems always appropriate?Limitations in what ICT systems can be used for
Limitations in the information they produce
Appropriates of solutions - 37Types of processingBatch
Interactive
Transaction - 38Batch processingData to be input to a batch processing system is collected together (over a set period
of time or until a certain batch size is reached) and then processed as a single
operation. Batch processing systems don’t require any human interaction whilst a
batch is being processed.
E.g. A payroll system - 39Interactiventeractive processing provides for a dialogue between the user and the system.
There are ‘immediate’ responses from the system.
Transaction processing and interactive processing are often combined in one single
system
E.g. Stock check - 40TransactionA transaction is made up of data and processes that update (make a single change)
to the data held on the system. Each transaction must be completed before the next
transaction is begun.
E.g. Finding a seat at the cinema - needs up-to-date information - 41Factors and consequences of ICTCultural
Economic
Environmental
Ethical
Legal
Social
Changing employment
Changing face of computer in society
E-commerce
Access to information - 42E-commerceBuying and selling goods online
- 43E-learningUse of the Internet for educational purposes
Saves resources
Saves time - 44E-governemtnVoting online - major issue
- 45SoftwareInfo 1
- 46Systems software.
- 47Applications softwareText
Word processing - templates and wizards, proofing tools, styles, layout tools, on-screen forms
Desktop publishing - templates and wizards
Data managment software - data types, validation, sorts, queries, forms, reports
Spreadsheets
Bitmap software
Video-editing software
Sound editing software
Multimedia
Presentation software
Web authoring software
E-mail software - 48Health and safetyInfo 1
- 49—
- 50Health and Safety at Work ActSets out to protect workers from things that could cause them to have an accident or damage their health.
Employers have a duty of care to their employees and so they have to assess the risks their workers are exposed to and do their best to keep the risks to a minimum by taking appropriate steps - 51Display Screen Equipment RegulationsDesigned to safeguard people who use computers for a long period of time.
Regulations only apply to workers who use computers for a significant part of their working day - 52Back pain and spinal damageSitting in one position exposes people to the risk of back pain or permanent spinal damage, if their posture is incorrect.
Difficult to remove risk but designing workstations correctly reduces the chance of potential health problems and they can be reduced and if the workstation is improved it improves the situation even more - 53Workstation designShould be ergonomically sound - adjustable to suit the need of individuals
Chairs - adjustable in height, provide good back support
Monitors - tilt and swivel
Keyboards - adjustable in height
Work space - enough should be provided for documents and equipment
Document holders - helps avoid awkward neck and eye movement
Foot rest - may be helpful
Wrist rest - helps relieve strain on wrists for some users
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- Revision Notes Karteikarten am AQA Revisio, erstellt von Katie Durcan am 10/05/2017.
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- Katie Durcan
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