Karteikarten
Renal 3
Karten in diesem Stapel (24)
- 1Blunting of Loop diuretic effect by NSAIDsThis is due to inhibition of prostoglandins. Loop diuretics increases these. By inhibiting the prostaglandins vasodilation doesn't occur.
- 2What structures form from the different parts of the embryonic kidney?Mesonephros: wolffian duct in M, Gartner's ducts in F
Metanephros: forms the Blastema (mesoderm) and the Ureteric bud.
Blastema: glomeruli, bowman space proximal/distal tubule and loop of henle.
Ureteric bud: forms collecting duct through the ureters. - 3CystinuriaAR, defective transport of cystine, ornithine, arginine, and lysine in both the intestine and renal epithelium.
- 4Concentrations of K through the nephron. percent of filtered load.100% in the bowman's space and most is reabsorbed, in the proximal tubule. In the proximal tubule K=35%, more is reabsorbed in the thick ascending loop. 5-10% in the DCT then rises to 10 - >100% in the collecting ducts.
- 5PKDAD, PKD 1 or 2 increases tubular cell proliferation and fluid secretion, causing cyst formation. Asymptomatic, Abd./Flank pain, HTN, hematuria, Progressive renal failure, and cerebral aneurysms.
- 6What BP medication are best when pnts have proteinuria?ARB and ACE inhibitors. These can decrease risk of progression.
- 7Renal vein Thrombosis.Flank pain, hematuria, and varicocele in the context of nephropathy. Nephrotic syndromes (MCD, FSGS, MGN, MPGN, RPGN) cause leakage of anticoagulation factors (antithrombin) lead to hypercoagulation and thrombotic complications.
- 8Urge incontinenceoveractive detrusor muscles. can be a complication of MS. later in the disease course the bladder becomes atonic and dilated becoming overflow incontinence.
- 9Renal Papillary Necrosis.Sickle cell, analgesic nephropathy, DM, Pyelonephritism and UT obstruction.
Sx: dark/bloody urine and flank pain. These are due to sloughed papillae. - 10Ureter blood supplyUpper ureter=renal artery
Middle=gonadal (testicular or ovarian)
lower= internal iliac (vesicle artery) - 11Effects of IL-2produced by Th cells. Stimulates Ag specific CD4/CD8 cells growth and survival. Also activates NK cell/moncytes. promotes B cell growth.
- 12Excretion rate calculationtotal filtration-reabsorption
Filtration=GFR*plasma concentration of solute. - 13What Medication can be used to treat postoperative urinary retention?Muscarinic Agonists, like Bethanechol
- 14Acute interstitial NephritisFever, Rash, and acute renal failure. Can be caused by Beta lactams, NSAIDs, Sulfonamides, Rifampin, and diuretics. Increased eosinophils, Eosphiluria, and Increased IgE. Affects renal interstitium causing interstitial edema and leukocyte infiltration. May be inflammation in tubular epithelium and graulomas may form.
- 15Myeloma cast nephropathyExcess free light chain (Bence Jones proteins), caused by multiple myeloma. These precipitate w/ Tmm-Horsfall protein forming eosinophilic casts. This leads to tubular obstruction and epithelial injury.
- 16MOA/SE of Osmotic diuretics.Increase plasma/tubular osmolality. This draws water out of interstitial spaces. Used in cerebral edema.
Potential toxicity is Pulmonary edema. - 17Minimal change diseaseMost common Childhood Nephrotic syndrome. increased permeability (selective filtration) leads to proteinuria, This triggers increased lipoproteins production in the liver.
- 18Goodpasture SyndromeAuto Ab against alpha 3 chain of Type IV collagen in the GBM and pulmonary capillary membrane (Anti GBM Ab). Triggered by Repiratory infection or idiopathic. Results in RPGN (HTN, edema, renal failure, hematuria) and hemoptysis
- 19What is an indicator of poor prognosis in Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?Increased age. Only 60% of adult cases resolve completely these rest develop Chronic HTN, proteinuria, Chronic renal insufficiency, or RPGN. Other indicators in previous kidney disease.
- 20What is present when Neutrophils stain on IF?cANCA (cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic ab) which is directed against lysosomal enzymes. Found in Wegeners' disease.
- 21Wegener's DiseaseNecrotizing Vasculitis, Presents w/ Pulmonary sx (cough, hemoptysis) from granulomas in the lungs, UR tract involvement, and renal disease (RPGN)
- 22Calculating filtration fractionGFR/RPF
GFR can be calculated from inulin or creatinine clearance
RPF can be calculated from PAH clearance.
Clearance = (Xurine* FR)/Xplasma - 23What shape of crystals does Cystine produce?flat, yellow hexagonal
- 24What presents w/ flank pain radiating to the groin w/ a ballotable (movable) mass after pelvic surgery?Ureteric obstruction. The ureters are vulernable to injury especially in hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. This can cause hydronephrosis.
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- COMP STEP test prep Karteikarten am Renal 3, erstellt von Sterling Schwartz am 07/08/2017.
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