Karteikarten
Romantic Era
Karten in diesem Stapel (19)
- 1The Romantic Era (Cerca 1800 - 1900)Reflected the 19th Century Spirit
Described pictures through music, intense and emotional. Emphasis on the individual.
Nationalism was important, folk songs were incorporated.
Composers were writing for what was changing. - 2Features of Romantic Music-Freedom of Form and Structure
-More Personal and Emotional
-Longer and More Developed Melody Lines
-Chromatic and Discordant Harmony to express strong emotions.
-Expanded Orchestra (bigger sections, new instruments)
-Technical virtuosity.
-Reoccurring themes.
-Dynamic and Pitch Contrasts
-Variety of Pieces
-Rise of Nationalism - 3Programme MusicMusic that tells a story.
- 4Romantic FormsBased on Sonata Forms.
The symphony/concerto/overture expanded.
Sonata became based on the development of motifs.
Chromatic harmony and wide ranging modulations.
Pushed boundaries.
Frame work shattered to pursue increase in emotional impact.
Large works became sectionalised and motifs were used to hold the sections together. - 5MelodyLess regular and balanced than classical period.
Long expressive melodic lines with either short phrases or seem-less flow.
Wide leaps of sixths and sevenths, diminished and augmented intervals.
Loosened form and traditional melodies infused. - 6HarmonyGreat development in chromatic harmonies.
Complexed chords.
Non-harmonic tones.
Long delays to resolve dissonance.
Dissonance so common that dissonance threshold increased. Some chords very common, eg. diminished seventh for tension.
Used 9ths, 11ths and 13ths - 7TonalityExpansion of the tonal frame work was critical.
In classical era, tonic, dominant and subdominant were of greatest importance but in romantic mediant and submediant also important.
Sudden key changes and shifts.
Minor keys used for whole works.
Increase in chromatic harmonies.
Version circle of 3rds developed.
Distant Modulations.
Tonal Ambiguity and blurred outlines. - 8TextureDenser and weightier textures common.
Bold contrasts with broad range of pitch, dynamics and tone colours. - 9RhythmFree and flexible
Vital and more expressive melodies.
Blurred bass line.
Some whole movements with one unbroken rhythmic pattern. - 10InstrumentationOrchestra nearly trebled in sized.
Technical virtuosity.
New instruments.
Range of instruments having the melody increased, particularly the cello.
Players needed to adapt: much more demanding. - 11Key GenresOpera
(Wagner, Verdi, Bizet. Strauss, Puccini)
Symphonies
(Mendelssohn, Brahms and Berlioz)
Concertos
Solo Piano Works
Lied (songs)
Programme Symphonies
Symphonic/Tone Poems
(Liszt, Berlioz and Dvorak)
Overtures
(Mendelssohn, Dvorak and Tchaikovsky)
Chamber Music
(Schubert, Brahms, Schumann)
Suites/Ballet
(Tchaikovsky) - 12Beethoven (1770 - 1827)Contributed to move to concert halls.
Music represented social atmosphere at the time - Optimistic and new age revolutionary spirit.
Despite tone of music, he was troubled and angry.
Music rich in sound mass, abrupt dynamic shadings. Urgent rhythms and intensely emotional.
Innovative and imaginative.
Extended length of symphonies and sonatas. - 13Beethoven's WorksMoonlight Sonata (for piano)
Pastoral Symphony, No. 6
Eroica Symphony, No. 3
Only Opera: Fidelio - 14Berlioz (1803 - 1869)Expressed his personality through dramatic and often epic orchestra operatic and choral forms.
Would distribute players around a hall, even off stage.
Not afraid to use new instruments and play instruments in new ways.
Influenced by Beethoven's symphonies and Shakespeare.
Melodies fall naturally, avoiding irregular beat or the stylised ornamentation of Italian music.
Harmony included surprising dissonances for dramatic ends. - 15Berlioz's WorksSymphony Fantastique (5 mvts)
The Trogens (Opera)
An overture to Le Carnaval Romain - 16Liszt (1811 - 1886)Hungarian Pianist
Virtuosity was an essential dramatic element of his work.
Found ways to transform piano into a substitute orchestra.
Harmonic language influeneced Ravel and Wagner.
Invented Symphonic Poem.
Influenced by Chopin's melodic qualities, rubato style playing and harmonic innovations. - 17Liszt's WorksSymphonic Poems:
Hamlet, Orpheus - 18Brahms (1833 - 1897)Music was sober minded, careful, disciplined and ordered - like him!
Avoided the romantic extremes of impulse and excessive emotionalism.
Admired Beethoven and influenced by Schubert.
Stuck to classical forms and refused to follow new forms of Wagner and Liszt. But music was innovative.
His innovation was based around developing variation (constantly reworking a small fragment of material as the piece progresses) - 19Brahms WorksLieder (songs)
Symphony no.3 in F
Piano quintet in F minor
German Requiem
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Romantic Era, erstellt von alex.ambrose am 16/06/2014.
- Erstellt von
- alex.ambrose
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- 19
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