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Chapter 9 Key Terms

SHAE ADAMS Englisch 61 Karten

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  1. 1access methodtechnique used to locate records and navigate through a database
  2. 2anomaliesnegative operational symptoms caused by improperly normalized tables
  3. 3associationrelationship among record types
  4. 4attributesequivalents to adjectives in the English language that serve to describe the objects
  5. 5cardinalitya numerical mapping between entity instances
  6. 6centralized databasedatabase retained in a central location
  7. 7composite keycomposed of two attributes: INVOICE NUM and PROD NUM
  8. 8concurrency controla system that ensures that transactions processed at each site are accurately reflected in the database at all other sites
  9. 9currency of informationproblem associated with the flat-file model because of its failure to update all the user files affected by a change in status; may result in decisions based on outdated information
  10. 10data attributethe most elemental piece of potentially useful data in the database
  11. 11data currencywhen the firm's data files accurately reflect the effects of its transactions
  12. 12data definition languageprogramming language used to define the database to the database management system
  13. 13data dictionarydescription of every data element in the database
  14. 14data manipulation languagelanguage used to insert special database commands into application programs written in conventional languages
  15. 15data modelblueprint for what ultimately will become the physical database
  16. 16data redunacnystate of data elements being represented in all user files
  17. 17data storageefficient information system that captures and stores data only once and makes this single source available to all users who need it
  18. 18data structurestechniques for physically arranging records in a database
  19. 19data updatingperiodic updating of data stored in the files of an organization
  20. 20database administratorindividual responsible for managing the database resource
  21. 21database lockoutsoftware control that prevents multiple simultaneous access to data
  22. 22database management systemsoftware system that controls access to the data resource
  23. 23deadlock"wait" state that occurs between sites when data are locked by multiple sites that are waiting for the removal of the locks from other sites
  24. 24deletion anomalyunintentional deletion of data from a table
  25. 25distributed data processingreorganizing the IT function into small information processing units that are distributed to end users and placed under their control
  26. 26distributed databasesdatabases distributed using either the partitioned or replicated technique
  27. 27first normal formlow degree of normalization of relational database tables
  28. 28flat-filefile structure that does not support the integration of data
  29. 29foreign keykey that permits the physical connection of logically related tables to achieve the associations described in the data model
  30. 30hierarchical indexed direct access methodmethod in which the root segment of the database is organized as an indexed file
  31. 31hierarchial modeldatabase model that represents data in a hierarchical structure and permits only a single parent record for each child
  32. 32indexed sequential filesequential file structure accessed via an index
  33. 33insertion anomalyunintentional insertion of data into a table
  34. 34internal viewphysical arrangement of records in the database
  35. 35inverted listcross-reference created from multiple indexes
  36. 36joinbuilds a new physical table from two tables consisting of all concatenated pairs of rows form each table
  37. 37navigational modelsmodel that possesses explicit links or paths amoung data elements
  38. 38network modelvariation of the hierarchical model
  39. 39occurnenceused to describe the number of instances or records that pertain to a specific entity
  40. 40partial dependenciesoccurs when one or more nonkey attributes are dependent on (defined key) only part of the primary key rather than the whole key
  41. 41partitioned databasedatabase approach that splits the central database into segments or partitions that are distributed to their primary users
  42. 42physical databaselowest level of the database containing magnetic spots on magnetic disks
  43. 43primary keycharacteristics that uniquely identify each record in the table
  44. 44projectextracts specified attributes (columns) from a table to create a virtual table
  45. 45relational modeldata model that is more flexible than traditional navigational models. It allows users to create new and unique paths through the database to solve a wide range of business problems
  46. 46repeating groupsdatabase anomalies described above are symptoms of structural problems within tables
  47. 47replicated databasesdatabase approach in which the central database is replicated at each site
  48. 48restrictcommand to extracts specified rows from a specified table
  49. 49schemadescription of the entire database
  50. 50second normal formtable that is free of both repeating group and partial dependencies
  51. 51structured modelsthe data elements for predefined structured paths
  52. 52structured query languagedata processing tool for end users and professional programmers to access data in the database directly without the need for convential programs
  53. 53task-data dependencyuser's inability to obtain additional information as his or her needs change
  54. 54temporary inconsistencyduring accounting transactions, account balances pass through a state where the values are incorrectly stated
  55. 55third normal formnormalization that occurs by dividing an unnormalized database into smaller tables until all attributes in the resulting tables are uniquely and wholly dependent on the primary key
  56. 56transitive dependenciesa transitive dependency occurs in a table where nonkey attributes are dependent on another nonkey attribute and independent of the table's primary key
  57. 57update anomalyunintentional updating of data in a table, resulting from data redundancy
  58. 58user viewset of data that a particular user needs to achieve his or her assigned tasks
  59. 59usersindividuals who employ systems, receive information, and act on the information received
  60. 60view integrationcombining the data needs of all users into a single schema or enterprise-wide view
  61. 61view modelingdetermines the associations between entities and document them with an ER diagram

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Beschreibung
These are the chapter 9 key terms from the Accounting Information Systems textbook.
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SHAE ADAMS
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