Karteikarten
Physics Key Words
Karten in diesem Stapel (55)
- 1Conservation of energyenergy cannot be created or destroyed
- 2dissipated energythe energy that is not usefully transferred and stored in less useful ways
- 3efficiencyuseful energy transferred by a device ÷ total energy supplied to the device
- 4elastic potential energyenergy stored in an elastic object as a result of it being deformed. For example, a stretched spring
- 5Hooke’s Lawthe extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as long as its limit of proportionality is not exceeded
- 6input energyenergy supplied to a device
- 7powerthe energy transformed or transferred per second. The unit of power is the watt (W)
- 8spring constantforce per unit extension of a spring
- 9useful energyenergy transferred to where it is wanted in the way that is wanted
- 10wasted energyenergy that is not usefully transferred
- 11workthe energy transferred by a force. Work done (joules, J) = force (newtons, N) x distance moved in the direction of the force (metres, m)
- 12biofuelany fuel taken from living or recently living materials, such as animal waste
- 13carbon-neutrala biofuel from a living organism that takes in as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as is released when the fuel is burned
- 14geothermal energyenergy released by radioactive substances deep within the Earth
- 15national gridthe network of cables and transformers used to transfer electricity from power stations to consumers (i.e., homes, shops, offices, factories etc.)
- 16nuclear fuelsubstance used in nuclear reactors that releases energy due to nuclear fission
- 17nucleustiny positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom
- 18reactor corethe thick steel vessel used to contain fuel rods, control rods and the moderator in a nuclear fission reactor
- 19renewable energyenergy from natural sources that is always being replenished so it never runs out
- 20black body radiationthe radiation emitted by a perfect black body (a body that absorbs all the radiation that hits it)
- 21infrared radiationelectromagnetic waves between visible light and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum
- 22specific heat capacityenergy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C
- 23thermal conductivityproperty of a material that determines the energy transfer through it by conduction
- 24carrier waveswaves used to carry any type of signal
- 25charge-coupled device (CCD)an electronic device that creates an electronic signal from an optical image formed on the CCD’s array of pixels
- 26contrast mediuman X-ray absorbing substance used to fill a body organ so the organ can be seen on a radiograph
- 27electromagnetic spectrumthe continuous spectrum of electromagnetic waves
- 28ionisationany process in which atoms become charged
- 29microwaveselectromagnetic waves between infrared radiation and radio waves in the electromagnetic spectrum
- 30optical fibrethin glass fibre used to transmit light signals
- 31radiation doseamount of ionising radiation a person receives
- 32radio waveselectromagnetic waves of wavelengths greater than 0.10m
- 33ultraviolet radiation (UV)electromagnetic waves between visible light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum
- 34wave speedthe distance travelled per second by a wave crest or trough
- 35white lightlight that includes all the colours of the spectrum
- 36amplitudethe height of a wave crest or trough of a transverse wave from the rest position. For oscillating motion, the amplitude is the maximum distance moved by an oscillating object from its equilibrium position
- 37compressionsqueezing together
- 38echoreflection of sound that can be heard
- 39electromagnetic waveselectric and magnetic disturbances that transfer energy from one place to another
- 40frequencythe number of wave crests passing a fixed point every second
- 41longitudinal waveswaves in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
- 42mechanical wavevibration that travels through a substance
- 43oscillatemove to and fro about a certain position along a line
- 44primary seismic wave (P-wave)longitudinal waves that push or pull on the material that they move through as they travel through the Earth
- 45rarefactionstretched apart
- 46reflectionthe change of direction of a light ray or wave at a boundary when the ray or wave stays in the incident medium
- 47refractionthe change of direction of a light ray when it passes across a boundary between two transparent substances (including air)
- 48secondary seismic wave (S-wave)transverse waves that shake the Earth side to side as they pass through
- 49seismic wavessound wave at frequency greater than 20 000 Hz (the upper frequency limit of the human ear)
- 50speedthe speed of an object (metres per second) = distance moved by the object (metres) ÷ time taken to move the distance travelled (seconds)
- 51transmission/transmitteda wave passing through a substance
- 52transverse wavea wave where the vibration is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
- 53ultrasound wavesound wave at frequency greater than 20 000 Hz (the upper frequency limit of the human ear)
- 54vibrateoscillate (move to and fro) rapidly about a certain position
- 55wavelengththe distance from one wave crest to the next
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- Karteikarten am Physics Key Words, erstellt von alexandra holdstock am 31/10/2017.
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