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Biology 1010 - Chapter 2 - Essential Chemistry for Biology
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- 1Palmitic acid is a saturated acid. What does it mean to be a saturated acid? a. It has as much water as it can hold. b. It has as many protons as possible. c. It has as many hydrogen atoms as possible. d. All of these are correct.c. It has as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
- 2What determines whether an atom is chemically reactive? a. The number of protons in the nucleus. b. The number of electrons in the electron shell. c. The number of electrons in the nucleus d. The number of neutrons in the nucleusb. The number of electrons in the electron shell.
- 3What causes the formation of ions? a. Gain or loss of neutrons b. Gain or loss of electrons c. Gain or loss of protons d. Sharing of protonsb. Gain or loss of electrons
- 4What determines the atomic number of an atom? a. The number of protons it possesses b. The number of electrons and protons c. The number of neutrons it possesses d. The number of electron shells the atom possesses.a. The number of protons it possesses
- 5Which of the following has a covalent bond? (The atomic number for Na = 19, Cl = 17, H = 1, O = 16, K = 19) a. NaCl (table salt) b. KC1 (potassium chloride) c. H2O (water)c. H20 (water)
- 6Which of the following is a definition of a hydrogen bond? a. weak chemical bond formed by two molecules each containing polar covalent bonds themselves b. An attraction between two ions c. The sharing of electrons between two atoms d. An atom with more protons than electronsa. A weak chemical bond formed by two molecules each containing polar covalent bonds themselves
- 7Assuming the atom does not have a charge, how many electrons does a lithium (atomic number = 3, atomic weight = 7) atom have? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5b. 3
- 8Assuming the atom does not have a charge, how many protons does a chlorine (atomic number = 17, atomic weight = 35) atom have? a. 16 b. 17 c. 18 d. 19b. 17
- 9Why is water called the solvent of life? a. it reduces temperature of the environment. b. It is denser than ice. c. It dissolves a large number of molecules. d. It has surface tension that makes it possible for plants to transport water.c. It dissolves a large number of molecules.
- 10An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing _______. An atom can be changed into a different isotope by adding or removing _______.-electrons
-neutrons - 11If you change the number of _______, the atom becomes a different element.protons
- 12A nitrogen atom has 7 protons, and the most common isotope of nitrogen has 7 neutrons. A radioactive isotope of nitrogen has 9 neutrons. What are the atomic numbers and mass numbers of the stable and radioactive forms of nitrogen?Nitrogen - 14 has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 14.
The radioactive isotope, nitrogen - 16, has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 16 - 13Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers in research on the chemistry of life?Organisms incorporate radioactive isotopes of an element into their molecules just as the do nonradioactive isotopes, and researchers can detect the presence of the radioactive isotopes.
- 14Some people in your study group say they don't understand what a polar molecule is. You explain that a polar molecule... a. is slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end. b. has an extra electron, giving it a positive charge. c. has an extra electron, giving it a negative charge. d. has covalent bonds.a. is slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end.
- 15Most basic unit of any element?Atom
- 16Carbon, lead, gold...?Elements
- 17_______ ________ are the fundamental building blocks of an atom.Subatomic particles
- 18Define the element?Protons
- 19Number of protons equal to _______ ________.atomic number
- 20_______ and _______ make up nucleus of an atom.-Protons
-Neutrons - 21Number of _______ in an element cannot change. Number of _______ and _______ can.-protons (cannot)
-neutrons and electrons (can) - 22Negative (-) charge?Electrons
- 23No electric charge?Neutrons
- 24Neutrons are slightly bigger than _______.protons
- 25Tells how many protons and electrons.Atomic number
- 26Tells how many protons and neutrons.Mass number
- 27Attractions between atoms or molecules?Chemical bonds
- 28Unequal share of electrons?Polar covalent bond
- 29Equal share of electrons?Non-polar covalent bond
- 30An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons?Covalent bond
- 31An attraction between two oppositely charged ions?Ionic bond
- 32Tendency of atoms to prefer having eight electrons in valence shell.Octet rule
- 33_______ is the measure of how much you want electrons (e-.)Electronegativity
- 34Water is _____.polar
- 35In a water molecule _______ bonds exists between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.covalent
- 36In a water molecule, oxygen pulls electrons closer together which results in a partial _______ charge.negative
- 37_______ has the ability to dissolve material.Water
- 38_______ has a high heat capacity.Water
- 39Water is where _____ takes place.metabolism
- 40A person who's cells cannot break down and absorb lactose is _______ _______.lactose intolerant
- 41An _______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.element
- 42Number of naturally occurring elements? (ex. carbon, oxygen, gold)92
- 43_______ of the 92 natural occurring elements are essential to humans.25
- 44Anything that occupies space and has mass?Matter
- 45Found on Earth in three physical states.Matter
- 46All _______ is composed of chemical elements.matter
- 47A measure of the amount of material in an object.Mass
- 48_______ _______ are required in only very small amounts, but humans cannot live without them.Trace elements
- 49Substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio.Compounds
- 50The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.Atoms
- 51Each element is made up of one kind of _______.atom
- 52Neutrons determine _______.isotope
- 53_______ are composed of subatomic particles - protons, electrons and neutrons.Atoms
- 54Single unit of positive (+) electrical charge.Proton
- 55Electrically neutral (no charge) subatomic particle.Neutron
- 56Single unit of negative (-) electrical charge.Electron
- 57Atoms central coreNeucleus
- 58_______ rotate around nucleus in a spherical cloud of _______ charge.-Electrons
-negative - 59Atom is _______when number of protons and electrons are equal.neutral
- 60Number of protons and electrons.Atomic number
- 61Atomic number 6 = ___ protons and ___ electrons.6 protons and 6 electrons = Atomic number 6.
- 62Sum of protons + neutrons.Mass number
- 63_______ = 1/2000 the mass of a proton.Electrons
- 64Expressed in unit called daltons.Mass number
- 65Close to mass number.Atomic mass
- 66_______ _______ represents average of all naturally occurring forms of element.Atomic mass
- 67Carbon - 12, Carbon - 13, Carbon - 14Isotopes
- 68_______ differ in mass.Isotopes
- 69Same number of protons and electrons as a standard atom.Isotopes
- 70Nucleus decays spontaneously, shedding particles and energy.Radioactive isotope
- 71Radiation from decaying _______ can damage cellular molecules and pose serious health risks.isotopes
- 72_______ _______ can cause harm when uncontrolled, but have many uses in biological medicine.Radioactive isotopes
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- Biology 1010 - Chapter 2 -Essential Chemistry for Biology
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- Justin Smith
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