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Flashcards

Biology 1010 - Chapter 2 - Essential Chemistry for Biology

Justin Smith Biology 1010 Inglês 72 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (72)

  1. 1Palmitic acid is a saturated acid. What does it mean to be a saturated acid? a. It has as much water as it can hold. b. It has as many protons as possible. c. It has as many hydrogen atoms as possible. d. All of these are correct.c. It has as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
  2. 2What determines whether an atom is chemically reactive? a. The number of protons in the nucleus. b. The number of electrons in the electron shell. c. The number of electrons in the nucleus d. The number of neutrons in the nucleusb. The number of electrons in the electron shell.
  3. 3What causes the formation of ions? a. Gain or loss of neutrons b. Gain or loss of electrons c. Gain or loss of protons d. Sharing of protonsb. Gain or loss of electrons
  4. 4What determines the atomic number of an atom? a. The number of protons it possesses b. The number of electrons and protons c. The number of neutrons it possesses d. The number of electron shells the atom possesses.a. The number of protons it possesses
  5. 5Which of the following has a covalent bond? (The atomic number for Na = 19, Cl = 17, H = 1, O = 16, K = 19) a. NaCl (table salt) b. KC1 (potassium chloride) c. H2O (water)c. H20 (water)
  6. 6Which of the following is a definition of a hydrogen bond? a. weak chemical bond formed by two molecules each containing polar covalent bonds themselves b. An attraction between two ions c. The sharing of electrons between two atoms d. An atom with more protons than electronsa. A weak chemical bond formed by two molecules each containing polar covalent bonds themselves
  7. 7Assuming the atom does not have a charge, how many electrons does a lithium (atomic number = 3, atomic weight = 7) atom have? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5b. 3
  8. 8Assuming the atom does not have a charge, how many protons does a chlorine (atomic number = 17, atomic weight = 35) atom have? a. 16 b. 17 c. 18 d. 19b. 17
  9. 9Why is water called the solvent of life? a. it reduces temperature of the environment. b. It is denser than ice. c. It dissolves a large number of molecules. d. It has surface tension that makes it possible for plants to transport water.c. It dissolves a large number of molecules.
  10. 10An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing _______. An atom can be changed into a different isotope by adding or removing _______.-electrons
    -neutrons
  11. 11If you change the number of _______, the atom becomes a different element.protons
  12. 12A nitrogen atom has 7 protons, and the most common isotope of nitrogen has 7 neutrons. A radioactive isotope of nitrogen has 9 neutrons. What are the atomic numbers and mass numbers of the stable and radioactive forms of nitrogen?Nitrogen - 14 has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 14.
    The radioactive isotope, nitrogen - 16, has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 16
  13. 13Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers in research on the chemistry of life?Organisms incorporate radioactive isotopes of an element into their molecules just as the do nonradioactive isotopes, and researchers can detect the presence of the radioactive isotopes.
  14. 14Some people in your study group say they don't understand what a polar molecule is. You explain that a polar molecule... a. is slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end. b. has an extra electron, giving it a positive charge. c. has an extra electron, giving it a negative charge. d. has covalent bonds.a. is slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end.
  15. 15Most basic unit of any element?Atom
  16. 16Carbon, lead, gold...?Elements
  17. 17_______ ________ are the fundamental building blocks of an atom.Subatomic particles
  18. 18Define the element?Protons
  19. 19Number of protons equal to _______ ________.atomic number
  20. 20_______ and _______ make up nucleus of an atom.-Protons
    -Neutrons
  21. 21Number of _______ in an element cannot change. Number of _______ and _______ can.-protons (cannot)
    -neutrons and electrons (can)
  22. 22Negative (-) charge?Electrons
  23. 23No electric charge?Neutrons
  24. 24Neutrons are slightly bigger than _______.protons
  25. 25Tells how many protons and electrons.Atomic number
  26. 26Tells how many protons and neutrons.Mass number
  27. 27Attractions between atoms or molecules?Chemical bonds
  28. 28Unequal share of electrons?Polar covalent bond
  29. 29Equal share of electrons?Non-polar covalent bond
  30. 30An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons?Covalent bond
  31. 31An attraction between two oppositely charged ions?Ionic bond
  32. 32Tendency of atoms to prefer having eight electrons in valence shell.Octet rule
  33. 33_______ is the measure of how much you want electrons (e-.)Electronegativity
  34. 34Water is _____.polar
  35. 35In a water molecule _______ bonds exists between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.covalent
  36. 36In a water molecule, oxygen pulls electrons closer together which results in a partial _______ charge.negative
  37. 37_______ has the ability to dissolve material.Water
  38. 38_______ has a high heat capacity.Water
  39. 39Water is where _____ takes place.metabolism
  40. 40A person who's cells cannot break down and absorb lactose is _______ _______.lactose intolerant
  41. 41An _______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.element
  42. 42Number of naturally occurring elements? (ex. carbon, oxygen, gold)92
  43. 43_______ of the 92 natural occurring elements are essential to humans.25
  44. 44Anything that occupies space and has mass?Matter
  45. 45Found on Earth in three physical states.Matter
  46. 46All _______ is composed of chemical elements.matter
  47. 47A measure of the amount of material in an object.Mass
  48. 48_______ _______ are required in only very small amounts, but humans cannot live without them.Trace elements
  49. 49Substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio.Compounds
  50. 50The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.Atoms
  51. 51Each element is made up of one kind of _______.atom
  52. 52Neutrons determine _______.isotope
  53. 53_______ are composed of subatomic particles - protons, electrons and neutrons.Atoms
  54. 54Single unit of positive (+) electrical charge.Proton
  55. 55Electrically neutral (no charge) subatomic particle.Neutron
  56. 56Single unit of negative (-) electrical charge.Electron
  57. 57Atoms central coreNeucleus
  58. 58_______ rotate around nucleus in a spherical cloud of _______ charge.-Electrons
    -negative
  59. 59Atom is _______when number of protons and electrons are equal.neutral
  60. 60Number of protons and electrons.Atomic number
  61. 61Atomic number 6 = ___ protons and ___ electrons.6 protons and 6 electrons = Atomic number 6.
  62. 62Sum of protons + neutrons.Mass number
  63. 63_______ = 1/2000 the mass of a proton.Electrons
  64. 64Expressed in unit called daltons.Mass number
  65. 65Close to mass number.Atomic mass
  66. 66_______ _______ represents average of all naturally occurring forms of element.Atomic mass
  67. 67Carbon - 12, Carbon - 13, Carbon - 14Isotopes
  68. 68_______ differ in mass.Isotopes
  69. 69Same number of protons and electrons as a standard atom.Isotopes
  70. 70Nucleus decays spontaneously, shedding particles and energy.Radioactive isotope
  71. 71Radiation from decaying _______ can damage cellular molecules and pose serious health risks.isotopes
  72. 72_______ _______ can cause harm when uncontrolled, but have many uses in biological medicine.Radioactive isotopes

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Biology 1010 - Chapter 2 -Essential Chemistry for Biology
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Justin Smith
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