Karteikarten
Clinical behaviour
Karten in diesem Stapel (36)
- 1What is clinical behaviour?Use of scientific principles of animal behaviour to modify unwanted behaviour
- 2What is a behaviour problem?Companion animals displaying behaviours not compatible with their owners’ expectations i.e. any behaviour that an owner finds problematic!
- 3What can a behaviour problem be?1. Normal behaviour for the species but inappropriate for domestic setting
2. Abnormal behaviour that develops as a result of environmental factors
3. Medical problems with behavioural signs - 4Why is clinical behaviour important?GPs need a basic understanding of behaviour to;
- Provide preventative advice to owners
- Answer questions in routine consults
- Rule out medical differentials
- Behaviour problems common reason for euthanasia or re-homing - 5What are the types of cases seen?- Behaviours which are normal for the species but which occur in an inappropriate context in the domestic situation
- Behaviours that are not normally part of the behavioural repertoire, but develop in response to environmental factors
- Behaviours which develop in response to pathological changes - 6What do you need to consider?- Ethology of the species
- Genetics (breed and individual)
- Experiences during early sensitive periods
(socialisation period, 4-12 weeks for dogs)
- Experiences throughout life - 7Why is it important to consider everything with behaviour?Owners will often have a reason why they believe their dog is doing the behaviour but they most likely will be wrong
- 8What principled do we need to know?- Normal behaviour of each species
- How individual responses develop
- Understanding of cognitive abilities and limitations of each species
- Pathological or physiological changes that may result in behavioural changes - 9What to do with ethology do we need to know in terms of normal behaviour for each species?- Evolutionary history of the ancestral species
- Environment that influenced behavioural selection
- Social behaviour
- Changes in selective pressures over domestication
- Biology: sensory perception - 10What are the 2 simple learning methods?- Habituation
- Sensitisation - 11What is habituation?The lack of response to a stimuli after repeated exposures
- Adaptive advantage - 12What is sensitisation?Increased response to stimuli
- Maladaptive due to fear/anxiety - 13What is associative learning?- Associations made between ‘important events’ and the things that predict them
- Associations made between an action and the consequence of the action - 14Why when training do we have to be careful with consistency?Can confuse the animal due to associative learning
- 15Why is the sensitive period important for learning?- “Socialisation period” in altricial species (dog and cat)
- Timing varies between species (dog = 4-12 weeks, cat = 2-7/8 weeks
- Period of rapid brain development
- Learning about the ‘normal’ environment - 16What happens if an animal isn't exposed to something within the socialisation period?Can mean they become fearful of it in the future
- 17How do dogs gain social skills?- Individuals not born with ability to use and understand communications
- Skills need to be learnt
- Communication with other species also learnt - 18What is the issue if a puppy doesn't learn the social skills needed to interact with adult dogs?- Can lead to aggression when in social environments - not respecting other dogs
- 19What do owners do to their pets behaviour?Owners inevitably interpret their pets behaviour from a human perspective, or using ‘traditional’ theories
- 20What is the issue with owners interpreting their pets behaviour?1. May under estimate cognitive ability
E.g. assume a simplistic explanation for a behaviour
2. May over estimate cognitive abilities
E.g. assume ability to associate temporarily diverse events - 21What physiological and pathological occur in behavioural changes?1. Normal changes
e.g. reproductive hormone fluctuations
2. Pathological disease
May be causal factor or contributory factor - 22How long is a usual behavioural consult?2 hours
- 23How can you apply clinical behaviour to cases?Knowledge and skill
- Get information from owner in history
- Evaluate how the pattern of development of each relates to understanding of ethology, learning, etc - 24What clinical skills are required for behaviour consults?1. People skills
- Obtaining sufficient information
- ‘Reading’ owners to evaluate how they are responding
- Motivating clients to follow advice
2. Observation skills
Picking up behaviours shown by animal and communication between pet and owner - 25What is it essential to get across to the owner about their pets behaviour?- Why the behaviour is occurring from their pets' perspective
- Explain treatment
- Motivates the client - 26When treating a behavioural case, what is it important to make sure?- The treatment plan is one that:
1. Will result in change in the animal’s behaviour
2. Is feasible for the owner to carry out in their circumstances - 27Why are analytical skills needed?- Evaluating large amounts of information and extracting relevant factors
- Rationalising which elements to include in treatment programme - 28What is the difficulty about treating an older dog?- If they haven't been taught it in the socialisation period will take longer to make the changes and changing perception of dog - will never be as good as that of a puppy
- 29What is important when trying to treat a behaviour case?Compliance from the owner to follow the programme - need to report on progress
- 30Give 2 positive and 1 negative behaviour modification techniques.Pos:
1. Desensitisation
2. Counter conditioning
Neg: Flooding - 31What is desensitisation?Expose the animal to what fearful of in very small doses and so no fear is experienced and very slowly build it up. Must never be fearful/ anxious
- 32What is counter conditioning?Desensitisation with reward
- 33What is flooding?Over exposure - gives a very unreliable result
- DON'T do - 34Give 4 training techniques.1. Positive reinforcement - treat
2. Negative reinforcement - eg pressure halter on horse
3. Positive punishment - telling off
4. Negative punishment - with-holding treat - 35Give a medication that can be given to help reduce fearful behaviour on say bonfire night.Alprazalam
- 36When would you refer and who would you refer to?- Refer to qualified behaviour specialist
- Non veterinary – accredited with Association for Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB)
- Veterinary behaviourist - accredited with ASAB or BSAVA recognised specialist
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- Cross systems clinical veterinary science - CVS1 (Clinical behaviour - Emily Blackwell) Karteikarten am Clinical behaviour, erstellt von Rachael Jones am 31/01/2018.
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- Rachael Jones
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