Karteikarten
8. Control
Karten in diesem Stapel (118)
- 1in what direction is a roll considered positiveclockwise
- 2what can you say about the relationship between the position of the tailplane and the CofGthe position of the tailplane is independent of the centre of gravity
- 3when the elevator goes up, in what direction does the aircraft moveupwards
- 4when the elevator goes up, in which direction does the force actdownwards
- 5what are the two different types of tailplanesvariable incidence and all moving tailplane
- 6what is another word for an all moving tailplanestabilator
- 7how are the control surfaces to be trimmed outby moving the variable incidence tailplane, until the tailplane elevator combination is streamlined
- 8what does the streamlining of the tailplane elevator combination achievereduces trim drag/ parasite drag
- 9define the stabilatorthe entire tailplane/horizontal stabiliser moves
- 10in the down going wing, which way is the aileron deflectedupwards
- 11in the up going wing which way is the aileron deflecteddown
- 12which wing produces a higher co-efficient of liftthe upgoing wing
- 13does the wing with the aileron deflected up produce any coeff of liftyes just not as much as the upgoing wing
- 14what camber is associated with the wing that has a down aileron deflectionpositive camber
- 15which wing has a negative camberthe down going wing
- 16why is it only the coefficient of lift that is consideredbecause the ailerons are only on the tip of the wing
- 17what is the formula for the difference in coeff of liftcl local/cl overall
- 18which wing produces more dragthe up going wing / downwards aileron deflection
- 19what is the secondary effect of the roll controla yaw in the opposite direction
- 20what is the yaw in the opposite direction known asadverse aileron yaw
- 21what is the main idea behind compensating for adverse aileron yawdrag of each aileron must be equalised
- 22what are the four ways of compensating for adverse aileron yawdifferential ailerons
frise ailerons
spoilers
rudder coupled ailerons - 23define differential aileron deflectionup going aileron deflected more than down going aileron, to increase the drag on the downgoing wing and reducing the drag on the upgoing wing to equalise
- 24define aileron friseleading edge o the aileron can dip below the flap and into the airflow, and increase the drag
- 25what is important to remember about the frise aileronsthey only occur in one wing, the downgoing wing during a roll
- 26what are rudder coupled aileronsrudder is coupled to the ailerons in order to eliminate adverse aileron yaw
- 27in a clockwise rolling moment, in which direction would the rudder be deflectedto the right, to create a force to the left on the rudder, and cause a yawing motion to the right, compensating for the adverse aileron yaw moment cause to the left
- 28what is important to remember about spoilersthey are strictly secondary flying controls i POF
- 29what is the operation of spoilers in compensating for adverse aileron yawthey can only move upwards so are only used on the down going wing to increase drag
- 30what can you say about the amount of drag deployedit is calculated and deployed automatically depending on your rate of roll
- 31what is an affect that may happen when using the spoilers to compact averse aileron yawthe rate of roll may be higher than expected
- 32what are the three affects on the aerodynamic characteristics when the spoilers are deployedreduces stalling AoA
reduces Cl/Cd max
increases parasite drag - 33how does spoiler deployment reduce the angle of attackcauses the separation of the flow of air to occur earlier
- 34what is the cl/cd maxthe gliding capabilities of the aircraft
- 35what does the cl/cd max determinethe range distance and gliding angle
- 36how is the drag curve affected by the spoiler deploymentit increases the parasite drag and therefore causes the drag curve to be shifted to the left and reduces the Vmd value
- 37when are spoilers deployed symmetricallyto increase rate of descent, reduce speed in flight
- 38when are the speed brakes most effectivein flight to reduce speed
on landing
on RTO - 39when is effectiveness of the speed brakes reducedas you increase in altitude, as air density is reduced, and your TAS increases
(1/2 P v^2) - 40RTOrejected take off
- 41what is the main phase associated with ground spoilerslift dump
- 42when are the ground spoilers automatically deployedif RTO is selected
after landing - 43what do speed brakes actually dokills lift, by putting weight on the undercarriage to make breaking more effective
- 44what type of drag do speed brakes affectparasite drag - increases
- 45when are speed brakes more effectiveat high speeds
- 46which way do you deflect the rudder in regards to the planned yawsame direction
yaw left - rudder left - 47what axis does yaw act aroundthe normal axis
- 48what is the secondary affect of a yawroll in the same direction as the yaw
- 49why is a roll the secondary affect of a yawthe outer wing travels faster than the inner wing and therefore produces more lift
- 50what is the equation for stick gearingstick movement / control surface deflection
- 51what is needed if the stick force is too highassistance is required to move the control surface
- 52what happens if the stick force is too lowsurface will need to be artificially loaded
- 53what are the aerodynamic balance methodsinset hinge
horn balance
internal balance
various types of tab - 54what is a plain flap considered ascamber changing device
(positive or negative) - 55in a plain flap where can rotation occurup AND down
- 56define the hinge lineline around which rotation takes place
- 57what is stick force dependant onthey way the control column is linked to control surface
the magnitude of the hinge moment - 58what is the equation of the hinge momentforce x distance from from hinge line
- 59define inset hingechanging the position of the hinge line -> design not pilot control
- 60what does the inset hinge achieveless effort needed for deflection of flight controls
- 61how does the inset hinge decrease the effort needed for deflectionhinge line set back inside the control surface, reduces moment arm length and therefore overall stick force
- 62what is the limitation of an inset hingelimited to 20-25 % of chord
- 63why is 20-25 % the limitation of the inset hingeif it goes any further it will be constant as aft the CofP and therefore will not be able to decrease the force
- 64what control surfaces can use the INSET HINGEall control surfaces
- 65How does horn balance assist movementcreating a lift force ahead of the hinge line, reducing over all hinge force
- 66what can you get on the elevators with a horn balanceyou can get the horn balance on both sides of the elevator
- 67what control surfaces use the horn balanceelevators and rudder
- 68why is the horn balance not used on the aileronsit would increase the force required on the aileron
- 69what do you need for the internal balance system to worka pressure differential
- 70what does the internal balance system operate in conjunction with to reduce stick forcethe tabs
- 71what is important to remember about the internal balance systemit is contained within the control surface
- 72what happens to initiate the movement of the balance tabsan initial movement, but then assists in moving the flight controls
- 73what control surfaces use the balance tabsailerons and elevators
- 74what are tabssmall hinged surfaces forming part of primary control surfaces
- 75what can be said about the control over the movement of the tabsit is not usually directly controlled by the pilot, but changed automatically whenever the control surfaces are moved
- 76what do tabs dopartially balance the aerodynamic load and reduce the overall stick force
- 77define balance tabstabs that move in the opposite direction to the control surfaces, produce the balancing moment and reduce the overall stick force
- 78define antibalance tabstabs that move in the same direction as the control surface, to increase the stick force required
- 79why would you need to increase the stick force requiredmore accurate movement can be achieved with a bigger stick force
- 80what is the main difference between the two types of balance tabs and the servo tabthe servo tab is DIRECTLY controlled by the pilot through a pivot point. it is deflected to supply the hinge moment necessary to move the main control surfaces
- 81define the servo tabtab moves in opposite direction to control surface, and controls movement of the control surfaces
- 82what is the use of the spring in the spring tabspring alters the ease of movement on the pilots input on the controls
- 83what is the benefit of the spring tabit overcomes the low speed problems associated with the servo tab
- 84how does the spring work in the spring tabat low speeds the spring tension prevents movement of tab and control input moves the control surface
- 85PFCpowered flying controls
- 86define PFCpilot no longer has the strength to operate the control surfaces so servo assisted controls take over and the pilot still gets feedback from the controls
- 87in regards to PFC what do transport aircraft requirefully powered and irreversible flying controls as bigger and faster. no feedback from controls so artificial feel is required
- 88what are the two types of aileronsouter and inner
- 89what decides which ailerons are usedspeed
- 90when are the outer ailerons usedLow speeds
- 91when are the outer ailerons disconnectedas soon as you retract the flaps after take off
- 92what is the other name for the artificial feel unitQ feel
- 93what is letter the letter used for dynamic pressureQ, q
- 94what can PFCU also dolimit your authority over the flight controls
- 95what is the purpose of mass balancingmoving the position of the centre of gravity by attaching weights froward of the hinge line decreases the liability of flutter
- 96define torsional aileron fluttercaused by wing twisting under loads imposed by aileron movement
- 97how is torsional aileron flutter preventedmass balancing so that Cof G of aileron is on, or slightly ahead of hinge line
usually done by engines - 98define aileron reversalwing twist causes a change in angle of attack to a negative angle.
the aileron itself hasn't actually moved but the wing itself has created a negative angle of attack - 99what is flutter described asoscillations around the torsional axis
- 100what is the torsional axisroot to tip
- 101what is the impact of the movement of the CofG on the flight controlsno impact
- 102why do we move the CofG forward of the hinge line to decrease the occurrence of flutterdistance decreases and therefore the momentum decreases
- 103what does damping refer torate of
- 104what is damping due toa change in lift caused by the increased angle of attack in the downgoing wing and decreased angle of attack of the upgoing wing
- 105what is the damping angle a result ofTAS (or RAF)
Rate of roll - 106what can you say about the damping angle at a high TASis low
- 107what can you say about the aerodynamic damping angle at low TASits high
- 108what can you say about the rate of roll at a high speed in relation to ADhigh rate of roll
- 109what can you say about the rate of roll at a low speed in relation to ADlow
- 110what is the biggest impact on the Aerodynamic Damping anglealtitude
- 111where does the RAF meet the downgoing wingunderneath the wing
- 112what does the TAS depend onthe amount of aileron deflection
- 113what is the slide slip angle referred to asbeta
- 114what is beta the angle ofangle between the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the RAF
only when the RAF is not forward facing /hitting head on - 115how can the stalling angle of the dorsal fin be reducedrudder deflected in the direction of the RAF
- 116what can be the problem associated with rudder control at high speedscan cause excessive loads and possible structural failure at high speeds
- 117what do many aircraft have to reduce the possibility of damage associated with high speed rudder controlgear change system which restricts the rudder deflection according to the aircraft speed
- 118what is the purpose of an anti-balance tab?to give more feel to the controls
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- POF Karteikarten am 8. Control, erstellt von Ella Davies am 14/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Ella Davies
- Aufrufe
- 3
- Bewertung