Karteikarten
Digital World Midterm
Karten in diesem Stapel (35)
- 11) Briefly discuss four functions of an operating system1) Booting- starting the computer by reading instructions
2) Configuring Devices- recognizing devices automatically
3) Managing Network Connections- such as connecting to the AirTrent wireless connection at school
4)Monitors Resources- monitors for problems that may arise and then attempts to correct them. - 23) Distinguish among commercial software, shareware, freeware and public domain software
- 35) Choose your favorite Web site and list four reasons (other than the product or service) that keeps you coming back.Website: www.biblegateway.com
1) Search option for quick retrieval
2) Easy to read text
3) Easy navigation i.e. navigation bar options
4) Allows user to take notes while reading and save notes to account - 47) Briefly discuss four physical and/or emotional health issues related to computer use.1) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome- caused by continuous typing, *take breaks and adjust angle and height of chair to keyboard
2) Computer Vision Syndrome- caused by prolonged viewing of computer screen *symptoms include headaches, take breaks or get anti-glare screen protector
3) Stress- caused by feeling the need to keep up with ever changing technology *remember that you can't know it all
4) Burnout- frustration from technology *lashing out at people or saying you can't think properly, take a break - 59) Briefly describe the development of computers over the past 6 decades.58- first cardiac pacemaker
50's- TV Remote
69- Internet put in to use
70- digital music
82- first laptop
98- mp3 player
07- iphone - 611) Describe the three main components of a computer.1) Monitor- allows visual display
2) CPU- brains of the computer allowing use of computer ex. booting the computer
3) Keyboard- allows for inputs - 713) Describe four different types of storage used in a computer.1) Hard Drive: several hard disk surfaces on which to store data, usually both sides of disks used
2) SSD's : stored in flash memory chips with no moving parts
3) Hybrid: contain magnetic disks and large quantity of flash memory for increased performance
4) Optical Disk: single track spirals from center of disk outwards and recorded data is stored on track - 815) Describe the differences between wired and wireless networks.Wired: network in which computers and other devices connected to network via physical cables. This is found in homes, schools, and businesses
Wireless: network in which computers and other devices are connected to network without physical cables; data is typically sent via radio waves. Wi-Fi hotspots found in coffeehouses, businesses, airports, hotels, and libraries - 917) Describe three types of wired networking media.1) Twisted-pair cable:
• Pairs of wires twisted together
• Used for telephone and network connections
2) Coaxial cable:
• Thick center wire
• Used for computer networks, short-run telephone transmissions, cable television delivery
3) Fiber-optic cable:
• Glass or fiber strands through which light can pass
• Used for high-speed communications - 1018) Describe three myths related to the Internet.1) Internet is free- most people actually pay for the internet
2) Someone controls the internet- no single entity controls the internet but governments try to put regulations on internet use
3) The internet and www are identical- the internet is the largest physical network and www is just one source - 1119) Describe three members of the Internet Community today.1) Application Service Providers- managing and distributing software based services over internet
2) Web Service- added to a webpage to provide specif services to end users
3) Infrastructure companies (e.g. mobile phone companies)- own or operate physical structure of internet - 1220) Describe the differences between WIFI and WIMAX and Bluetooth1) WIFI: – Designed for medium-range
transmission
-– Current standard for wireless networks in homes and offices
2) WIMAX: -- Fairly new wireless standard for longer range wireless networking connections
--– Designed to deliver broadband to homes, businesses, other fixed locations
3) Bluetooth:Very short range (less than 10 feet)
– For communication between computers or mobile devices and peripheral devices - 1321) Describe any four of the following ways to connect to the Internet: Conventional Dial-Up, Cable, DSL, Satellite, Fixed Wireless, Broadband over Fiber, Mobile Wireless, Wi-Fi Hotspots.1) Dial-Up: • Uses standard phone lines
• Slow and cheaper but ties up phone lines
2) Direct: • always on i.e.Device is continually connected to the Internet
• important to protect your computer from hackers
3) Fixed wireless: • Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites; uses wi-Fi/ WiMAX
• Not available in all areas
4) Hotspots: • Public wireless networks (Wi-Fi)
• Both free and fee-based are available - 1422) Describe four hardware components used in a network.1) Hub: Central device that connects all of the devices on the network
2) Switch: Connects devices in a network like a hub but only sends data to the device for which the data is intended
3) Bridge: Used to connect two LANs together
4) Router: Responsible for moving packets around in Internet - 1523) Describe the roles of TCP and IP ( 5 things to mention)TCP/IP: Most widely used communications protocol
1) Used with the Internet
2) TCP responsible for delivery of data
3) IP provides addresses and routing information
4) Uses packet switching - 1624) How are the Internet and Arpanet related? (3 things to mention, def. interesting pt., and relation)ARPANET: The predecessor of the Internet, named after the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which sponsored its development
1) Initially connected four supercomputers
2) Eventually evolved into today’s Internet - 1725) Describe three organizations or entities that are involved in organization and steering of the Internet1) Governments: Some limit information and access, and they influence communications
2) Application service providers (ASPs): Companies that manage and distribute software-based services over the Internet
3)Infrastructure companies: Own or operating the physical structure of the Internet
Conventional and mobile phone companies, cable companies, and satellite Internet providers - 1826) What is a direct Internet connection and which implications does it have on the Internet? (3 things to mention: 2 def, 1 hazard)1)Direct (always on): Device is continually connected to the Internet
2)Direct connections are typically broadband; fast speeds needed for many Web activities today
3) Because you are always connected, it is important to protect your computer from hackers - 1927) Describe the differences between accessing the Internet using cable or phone lines. (Mention: Types, Constraints, Positive)Cable: types include: Types: Cable, BOF
Constraints: Typically more expensive, requires cable modem for Cable, BoF limited availability(location),
Positive: Fast, and moderate range for pricing of Cable type
Phone: such as DSL & Dial-Up
Constraints= slower and limited area coverage and dial-up ties up phone line making it inconvenient
Positive: Cheaper for dialup - 2028) Describe the evolution of networks (60's-2000's)
- 2129) Describe the differences between peer-to-peer and client/server architecturePeer-to-Peer: Connecting computers through wires or wirelessly
Client/Server: Many PCs connecting to one or more servers and server becomes central point of connectivity and central access point
Advantage of client/server as opposed to peer-to-peer= if printer connected to computer A and computer B wants to print but computer A is turned off, pc B can't print. - 2230) In class, it was discussed about what hackers do after software patches are released? What do they do, and how is this problematic?A couple of days after a patch there will be exploits running for whatever the patch fixed
More problems arise and the software company has to come up with a update to fix the error. - 2331) Describe four properties of strong passwords.Lowercase letters (abcde…)
Uppercase letters (ABCDE…)
Numbers (12345)
Special Characters (@!#$*_) – not all will work
Multiple words - 2432) Describe four of the most common techniques used to execute a social engineering attack. Offering a chocolate bar for a password does not count.Familiarity - (Act like you belong)
Hostile situation – (Act Angry)
Gather information – (Trust/threaten)
Learn body Language – (Be attentive, learn to read signs)
Become an employee – (real or fake) - 2533) Why is it important that prime factorization is a hard problem to solve (for large numbers anyway)? This is not a math question, but a general description of the problem.for two large primes multiplied together is the *entire* basis of computer security
If that turns out to not be true we are all screwed. - 2634) What are two pros and two cons of the NSA sitting on NIST cryptographic standards boards. (National Security Agency in the US, on the National Institute of Science and Technology).PROS: They have more experience than anyone at defending against hacks
The NSA has some of the best cryptographers in the world
and suggest sensible things
CONS:They have more experience than anyone at hacking
The NSA is trying to break encryption to spy on things - 2735) Describe four things you are trying to protect with security?Transactions, Files, Pictures, Identity
- 282) If you purchased a computer today, list four types of utility programs that you (or others) would wish to have (already) installed.1) Security Programs: protect myself from viruses
2) Backup & Recovery: make back/recovery process easier
3) File Compression: reduce size of files to save storage space
4) Uninstall and Cleanup: to remove programs from hardware without leaving bits - 294) List eight types of application software that you (or others) use on a regular basis.1) Real Player
2) Media Player
3) MS Word
4) MS Excel
5) Adobe Photoshop
6) Calculator
7) Calendar
8) MS Powerpoint - 306) Outline three ways that you are able to make payments online. What is a digital wallet?Digital Wallet: Stores online payment account information such as from a credit card
1)Paypal
2) Gift card
3) Credit card - 318) Green computing refers to the use of computers in an environmentally friendly manner. Briefly discuss four ways that governments, organizations and you can promote green computing.1) Donate old clean hardware
2) proper recycling of hardware components
3)Ban export ewaste
4)Eliminate toxic hardware components - 3210) Describe the machine cycle. (Four Points)Fetch- program instruction fetched
Decode- Instructions decoded for control unit to understand
Execute- Instructions are carried out
Store- original data or result from execution is stored in CPU registers - 3312) Describe four components of a CPU.1) Control Unit- controls all hardware and software
2)Aritmetic and Logic Unit- processes data into useful info
3)Registers- memories that store data to be process and info after processing for very little time
4) Bus Interface Unit- place where data and instructions enter/leave - 3414) Why is it important to have fans in a computer?Excessive heat is produced, fans help cool your computer so that you are safe when using the computer and it allows computer function more efficiently
- 3516) Describe some of the ways we can use to classify networks (by topology, architecture, size).Topology: How the devices in the network (called nodes) are arranged (star/bus)
Architecture: The way networks are designed to communicate
(clien/server)
Size and coverage Area
(PAN/LAN/WAN)