Karteikarten
Juvenile Delinquency Chapter Four
Karten in diesem Stapel (29)
- 1Social factors believed to cause or affect delinquent behaviors*interpersonal interactions
*community ecological conditions
*social change
*socioeconomic status
*racial disparity - 23 main sociological theoretical theories:*social structure
*social process
*critical theories - 3Social structure theories*social disorganization
*anomie/strain
*cultural deviance - 4Social Structure Theories tie delinquency to:*socioeconomic conditions
*cultural Values
*demographics
*social control - 5Social Disorganization*Chicago School
*Transitional Neighborhood
*Cultural Transmission
*Social Control -(absence) - 6Chicago School (Social Disorganization)*Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
- 7Transitional Neighborhoods (social disorganization)*high crime and delinquent rates
*areas changed from affluence to decay (rich move out when crime increases)
*teenage gangs developed as a means of survival, defense, and friendship - 8Cultural Transmission (social disorganization)*the process of passing on deviant traditions and delinquent values from one generation to the next
- 9Social Control (social disorganization)*ABSENT*
*an organized community has the ability to regulate itself via formal/informal social control
*informal social control not present
(leads to) few opportunities; locked into poverty - 10Informal social controlFamily, school, neighbors
- 11Anomie/ Straying TheoryA condition caused by the failure to achieve one's social goals
- 12Robert K. Merton (1910-2003)*without acceptable means for obtaining success, individuals feel social and psychological strain
*consequently, these youths may use deviant methods to achieve their goals and substitute deviant ones - 13Robert Agnew*general Strain Theory
- 14General Strain TheoryLinks delinquency to the strain of being locked out of the economic mainstream, which leads to anger and frustration
- 153 Sources of Strain (anomie/strain)*failure to achieve positively valued goals
*removal of positively values stimuli
*presentation of negative stimuli - 16Negative Affect States (anomie/strain)*anger, depression, disappointment, fear, other adverse emotions that derive from strain
- 17Cultural deviance Theory*links delinquency to the formation of delinquent subcultures with a unique set of values that clash with the mainstream culture
*by joining gangs, lower class youths are rejecting culture that has already rejected them
*they may be failures in a conventional society, but they are kings and queens in their own neighborhoods - 18Social Process Theories*social learning
*social control
*labeling theory - 19socializationThe process of learning the values and norms of the society or subculture to which the individual belongs
*early socialization experience have a lifelong influence on self-image, values, and behaviors - 20Major influences on a child's socialization:*family relationships
*school (teachers)
*peers (relationships) - 21Parental efficacyParents who are supporting and effectively controlling children in non-coercive fashions
- 22Social Learning Theory*delinquency is developed by learning the values and behaviors associated with criminal activities
>>>children are 'good' and learn to be 'bad' :: improper socialization - 23Differential Association Theory (social learning theory)*Edward Sutherland
*the criminal behavior is learned primarily in interpersonal groups
*children are socialized, exposed to, and learn pro-social and antisocial attitudes and behaviors from peers, parents, nd so on
*when prodelinquency definition will engage in antisocial behavior - 24Social control Theory*suggestion that the cause of delinquency resides in the strength of the relationships a child forms with conventional individuals and groups
- 25Travis Hirsch- Causes of Delinquency (social control theory)*his assumption included four main elements :
*attachment
*commitment
*involvement
*belief - 26Social Reaction/Labeling Theory*delinquency is caused by 'stigma' by agents of social control, including official and unofficial institutions
- 27Labeling Theory*If deviant behavior is detected and punished, the result is a negative label, stigmatizing and encouraging them to accept this negative personal identity
*identifies the role played by social control agents
*focuses on social interactions
*helps explain the onset of and continuation of a delinquency carreer - 28self-labelingThe process by which a person who has been negatively labeled accepts the label as a personal role or identity
- 29Control Theory*society is in constant state f internal conflict
*the law and justice system are vehicles for maintaining the status of the rich and impose their standard of good behavior on the entire society
*the poor may or may not commit more crimes than the rich, but they se certainly arrested more often
*views that delinquent behavior as a function of the capitalist system's inherent inequality
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Juvenile Delinquency Chapter Four, erstellt von aquarose525 am 20/10/2014.
- Erstellt von
- aquarose525
- Aufrufe
- 28
- Tags
- Bewertung