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Ancient Egypt Study Guide

E.M. Flood Global Studies Englisch 71 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (71)

  1. 1Simply explain the rise of Ancient Egypt.Hunter/gatherer groups shift into agriculture (irrigation), and were united under King Menes
  2. 2Simple explain the fall of Ancient Egypt.Egypt grew weak as foreign powers obtained large territories of it, and eventually was conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.
  3. 3List the 8 different social classes of Egypt.Pharaoh, royal women, government officials, priests, scribes, artisans, peasants, slaves
  4. 4Describe the role of pharaohs.Head of state/nation/army, and supreme religious leader; was represented as a God; whose word was law; and had many wives/children to ensure an heir
  5. 5Describe the role of royal women.Grew very powerful in New Kingdom; provided the pharaoh with many children; silently supported husband; made sure palace was running smoothly
  6. 6Describe the role of government officials.Many roles of government officials; highest officials were buried in the Valley of the Kings to be brought with pharaoh to afterlife; sealed documents detailing property transfers
  7. 7What did the government official vizier do?oversaw judiciary administration/law system
  8. 8What did the government official chief treasurer do?collected treasures, taxes, and records
  9. 9What did the government official general do?organized/trained army, was usually crown prince
  10. 10What did the government official overseer do?was a common title; managed work sites, construction, and food
  11. 11Describe the role of priests.Only priests/pharaohs allowed in temples to oversee the gods' needs, but didn't oversee population of Egypt; paid well; many worked part-time; chosen by pharaohs; shaved heads/bodies daily; took cold baths; allowed to wear linens
  12. 12Why were priests important?If priests didn't do their job the gods would become angry and punish the people of Egypt
  13. 13List some things priests did in the morning.Break the seal, said their prayers, light incense, wash statue, place fresh clothes and jewels on statue and food/drink near it, sing hymns of praise
  14. 14List some things priests did in the afternoon.Exited shrine, swept away footprints, and sealed shrine
  15. 15Describe the role of scribes.They used tools such as red/black ink, papyrus, and brushes; known as basis of government due to their ability to write; wrote down documents; taught students; recorded stacks/foods/wills/magic spells; didn't have to pay taxes; had to be male
  16. 16Describe the role of artisans.Someone in a skilled trade who made things with their hands; lived in village but financed by pharaoh
  17. 17What are some examples of the tools artisans used?Axes, chisels, kilms, pottery wheels, palettes, brushes/pens
  18. 18What are some examples of things artisans made?statues, relics, monuments, engravings, art
  19. 19Describe the role of peasants.Farmers/laborers; were free but poor; helped build pyramids; lived in mud brick houses
  20. 20Along with slaves, what percentage of the population did peasants make up?80%
  21. 21What three seasons did the peasants' lives center around?Harvest, Flood, Planting
  22. 22When was slavery established?During New Kingdom
  23. 23What were the 3 kinds of slavery?Chattel, bonded, and forced
  24. 24Briefly describe chattel slavery.most were captives of war, some who committed illicit acts, used by rewards given by king
  25. 25Briefly describe bonded slavery.Egyptians in debt selling themselves in order to release debt
  26. 26Briefly describe forced labor.Workers drafted for state projects, owned by state, and wage depended on skill
  27. 27Describe the roles of masters who owned slaves.Were under obligations while owning slaves, and were forbidden to force children into harsh labor
  28. 28Describe the economy when it came to slaves.Slave dealing was done with private dealers, and transaction with documents and local council
  29. 29Briefly describe the life of a slave.Held similar lives to peasants; were capable of owning possessions; those in temple estates lived in terrible conditions; chattel/bonded slaves had no wages but got food
  30. 30What goods were taken with Egyptians to the afterlife?Book of the Dead, food, tools, jewelry, pets, servants, boats
  31. 31Name the 5 parts the soul was supposedly divided into.heart, shadow, name, personality, vital spark
  32. 32What did the heart represent in the soul?seat of emotion, intention, and will
  33. 33What did the name represent in the soul?Egyptians believed they would live as long as the name was spoken/written
  34. 34What did the shadow represent in the soul?always present on a human and possessed something the body did not
  35. 35What did the personality represent in the soul?was everything that makes an individual unique
  36. 36What did the vital spark represent in the soul?the vital spark was the difference between the living and the dead once the spirit leaves the body
  37. 37Who was Horus?Falcon-headed god of war, descendant of Osiris, and the pharaoh was believed to be given his spot of power by Horus
  38. 38Who was Osiris?Father of Horus, Lord of the Dead, would weight your heart against the feather of truth
  39. 39Who was Isis?Wife/assistant of Osiris, protected the organs in the pharaoh's journey to the afterlife
  40. 40Who was Anubis?Jackal-headed god of embalming, funerals, and mummification
  41. 41Who was Ra?God of the sun, was king until Horus defeated him
  42. 42Who was Ma'at?Goddess of justice, truth, and order
  43. 43Who was Hapi?God of the Nile
  44. 44What was the Book of the Dead?A collection of spells which would enable the soul of the deceased to navigate the afterlife
  45. 45Who was the vizier?The second most important role in ruling Egypt; the pharaoh's second in command
  46. 46Define polytheistic.The belief in multiple gods that were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces and elements of nature
  47. 47What did the rulers consider themselves?Gods
  48. 48At what age did Cleopatra become queen? Who was her father? Whom did she marry?18; Ptolemy; Cesar
  49. 49Who was Cleopatra's son? Why was he important?Cesanon; his birth represented vital connections between Rome and Egypt
  50. 50Which family member did Cleopatra marry before Cesar? Which geographical lands did she rule over?brother; Egypt, Cyprus, parts of Libya and Middle East
  51. 51Why is Cleopatra so well-known? How did she die?Last Egyptian pharaoh; chose to be bitten by a poisonous snake instead of being sold into slavery
  52. 52When did Khufu rule? Who was his father? Who did he marry? What does his name mean?during New Kingdom; Snefru, Queen Meritities and Henutsen; "Khnum protects me"
  53. 53What large monument did Khufu create? How tall is it? How long was it the tallest man-made structure for?Pyramid of Giza; 480 ft. tall; 4000 years
  54. 54How long did the Pyramid of Giza take to build? How many limestones did it take, and approximately how much did each one weigh?20 years; 2.3 million limestones; 2-15 tons
  55. 55Who is Ramses II, and why is he so well-known? How many children did he have?Ruler who took back lost territories, reigned the longest for 67 years, was known as a military genius and for his strength, supposedly ruled during Bible Exodus story; over 100 children
  56. 56Who was King Tut's father? What did he do after his father's rule? How long did Tut rule?Akhenaten; renewed religion and alliances (repaired damage by father); 8-9 years
  57. 57When was King Tut's tomb found? Why was it a big discovery?1922; still held all its riches, allowed archaeologists to learn more about Ancient Egypt
  58. 58Who was Thutmose III? What did he do during his reign?Considered greatest pharaoh of Egypt; established "Pas Egyptica," period of peace/prosperity; ruled nearly 55 years; first to take advantage of sea during war; built many temples; never lost a battle; captured 350 cities during reign
  59. 59Where was Thutmose III buried? What happened to his mummified body?Valley of the Kings; mummy not found in tomb but later somewhere else in bad condition
  60. 60Who was Seti I? What did he do during his reign?reigned from 6-20 years; led campaigns against Syria and Lybia; first pharaoh to meet Hittites in battle; restored/added many buildings
  61. 61What was wrong with Seti I's body? What was discovered about his tomb?Heart found on wrong side during autopsy; finest tomb found, discovered in 1817
  62. 62Who was Akhenaten? Why is he so controversial?started monotheistic religion for only the sun god Aten, making economy, military, and alliances weaken and territories to be taken; moved capital of Egypt from Thebes to Armana
  63. 63List as many Egyptian inventions as you cancosmetic makeup; papyrus; surgical instruments such as scissors, hooks, probes, copper needles, and medical books; wigs; first police force; black ink; pyramids; mummification
  64. 64What body parts did Egyptians have advanced knowledge of?brain, heart, lungs
  65. 65What were the 2 types of clocks Egypt used to tell time?obelisk (using the sun), and a water clock (where water would drip at a constant rate)
  66. 66What was the Egyptian toothpaste made from?ash, ox hooves, mint, eggshells
  67. 67Why does Egypt have such a large and well known legacy?First great empire of the world; great prosperity, stability, and culture for thousands of years; many structures still stand; their ideas of religion; people still marvel/have interest in Egypt
  68. 68How were the pyramids constructed?Pyramid sited with four wooden stakes, site is dug down to bedrock, trenches dug into bedrock, water poured into trenches, tracks made to aid in moving stones, tombs and passageways dug into structure after pyramid was built, limestones smoothed down
  69. 69Who worked on the pyramids?Slaves
  70. 70What name is used to call the small figures representing servants to serve pharaohs in the afterlife?Shabatis
  71. 71What is the name of the monster who eats your heart if it is heavier than the feather of truth?Omit

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Freshman/October 2018/Test
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E.M. Flood
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