Karteikarten
2206 Test 2
Karten in diesem Stapel (37)
- 1Two basic types of non-response1. item non-response
2. survey non-response - 2CATI is an acronym forcomputer assisted telephone interviewing
- 3CAPI is an acronym forcomputer assisted personal interviewing
- 4advantages on CATI/CAPI- reduce errors from question order
- reduces item non-response due to interview errors
- capture and process data at the same time - 5Three types of other respondent problems1. acquiescence
2. social desirability
3. laziness or boredom - 6disadvantages to question order affects- can be read as a whole before completed
- not appropriate for certain respondents
- no way to know who completed it
- questions can be answered in any order - 7structures survey research methods- face to face
- phone interviews
- questionnaires
- online polls
- email surveys
- web surveys - 8feminist critique to structures survey research- these methods are exploitative
- involve asymmetrical power relation
- privacy rights to end interview at any time
- right to help formulate and have access to research - 9types of questions- personal factual questions
- factual questions about others
- factual questions about an entity or event
- questions about attitudes and beliefs
- questions about knowledge - 10general rules for designing questions- focus on the research question
- make sure the question is going to tell you what you actually want to know
- put yourself in the position of the respondent - 11specific rules when asking questions- avoid ambiguous terms and questions
- be specific
- avoid questions that ask two questions
- avoid leading questions
- watch out for bias
-avoid questions that include negatives
- minimize technical terms
- balance close ended questions
- avoid long questions
- avoid very general questions - 12advantages to open ended questions- responder can answer in their own words
- good for exploring new or changing areas of research
- can use the answers to come up with fixed choice responses - 13disadvantages of open ended questions- recording answers is time consuming and mistakes are easily made
- answers have to be coded
- if used in questionnaires there can be incomplete answers - 14advantages of closed questions- easy to process answers
- higher reliability
- easter and quicker to complete
- fixed responses help clarify what the question means - 15disadvantages of closed questions- authenticity in answers is lost
- difficult to make answers exhausted
- more impersonal
- regency effects - 16two types of structured observation1. natural observation: no manipulation of situation, just watch and record in a natural setting
2. field experience: manipulation of an independent variable and observe differences between groups over time - 17what is survey researchdata that is "self-reported" by respondent
- 18unstructured observation- no formal rules for observing and recording
- narrative approach
- participant observation
- not famous type of UO is participant observation - 19structured observation is best for when- you want to generalize your findings
- you have a lot of time
- you can actually observe the phenomena
- the topic is sensitive - 20advantages of using survey research when- threatening questions
- problems with memory
- problems of meaning - 21reliability problems with structured observation- inter observer reliability: difference in how people view and code
- intra observer reliability: recording behaviours differently over time - 22how to test for reliability in structured observationCohens Kappa
- measure of level of argument between overseers or observations
- ranges from 0 to 1 - 23what is the Guinea Pig Effect- hawthorne effect
- trying to test methods to increase productivity in American factories
- showed that when people know they are being watches, their performance increases - 24specific guinea pig effects1. role selection
2. trying to help the researcher
3. researchers presence as a change agent - 25which guinea pig effect is almost unavoidable3. research presence as a change agent
- research changes the scenario just by being in it
-especially in convert observation - 26when is covert observation okay- when behaviours are public, non-sensitive
- participant is a volunteer
- when participating is harmless - 27Humphrey's Tearoom Trade- watched gay men have sex in a public bathroom
- confronted them at their homes about their activities later
- never gained informed consent to any part of the study - 28other sources of data- documents
- secondary data
- official statistics - 29types of documents- personal
- official
- mass media output
- internet resources - 30analysis approach of quantitative data from documents- uses content analysis
- can create the same type of data as survey of structured observation - 31analysis approach of qualitative data from documents- case study is the most common method
- content analysis certainly possible but different than quantitative approach - 322 approaches to coding1. manifest coding: emphasis on what is easily quantifiable/objective
2. latent coding: semantic analysis, emphasis is less straight forward - 33criteria for assessing the quality of documents- authenticity
- credibility
- representativeness
- meaning - 34advantages to secondary analysis- often high quality data
- cost and time
- replication if past research and reanalysis of existing data - 35limitations to secondary analysis- potential absence of key variables
- no control over data quantity
- data is often very complex - 36official statistics- data based on population, not samples
- longitudinal and cross-national research often easy to do - 37problems with official statistics- often are misleading
- they only include those processed by a socially constructed system
-serious reliability issues
- ex. if police are looking for drug dealers, they will find more drug dealers which increases the rates without the actual crime itself increasing
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- research methods
- Erstellt von
- Taylor Cox · Nov 2018
- Aktualisiert
- 7 Nov 2018
- Aufrufe
- 12
- Bewertung