Karteikarten
flashcards for ict
Karten in diesem Stapel (124)
- 1advantages of online software* updated automatically
* can be used on different devices
*can be used on different operating systems - 2disadvantages of online software* cannot be used without internet
* it is not always safe and there can be a lot of risks
* if the software crashes everyone's will crash - 3advantages of standalone software* it is installed onto the hard drive
* can be used without internet
* it runs faster than an online software - 4disadvantages of standalone software* can only access standalone software from the computer it is on
*more expensive that online software
*have to update it yourself - 5backup and restore* if you are backing up a file it is important to make sure you can restore these files if the original copy is deleted or corrupted
- 6advantages of collaborative working* can use it anywhere
*doesn't cost money
*multiple people can work on that one document at the same time - 7disadvantages of collaborative working* because it can be used anywhere there will be a time difference for some of the people using it
* you cant edit the same thing as someone at the same time - 8version control* version control is important because users will know which is the most up-to-date document
* it can be controlled can be managed by locking the file or making it read only - 9levels of access* different users can have different levels of access this could be set with a username and password
* schools and colleges may use this - 10file permission* read only: can look at a document but make no change
* read/write: can look at a document and make changes
* full control: can do anything to a document including deleting it - 11online communities* these often exist in a virtual world
* some communities need users to be involved at the same time
* it could be in games or VLE - 12network of friends* it is very similar to online communities
- 13virtual word* unreal world
* created by a computer
*does not exist in the real world - 14netiquette* online rules
* mean code of behavior - 15blog* a web log
*online journal or diary - 16microblog* a website/app
* can be used to exchange short messages - 17chatroom* web users can communicate in a chatroom
- 18wiki* a website where anyone can add information on to
- 19podcast* audio or video files
*usually published in episodes - 20chat* exchange messages
- 21profile* will include name
* personal detail - 22avatar* a picture that represents a person
- 23VoIP* voice over internet protocol
* able to contact someone anywhere in the world
* uses internet only so no additional cost
* relies on internet connection so you need to be in a place with internet - 24equipment required*device
*speaker
* camera
*microphone - 25server* runs special software to serve other computers
* types: file servers,print servers,web servers and email servers - 26client* a computer/device that uses services provided by a server
* the computer/ device used to access the internet is a client - 27routers* devices which route (direct) traffic (data) through a network
* they will try to find the best routes - 28connection method* cables
* fibre
* telephone lines - 29backbone* a big cable (often fibre) which connects a large number of devices
- 30ISP* allows connection to the internet
* ISP may provide connection for one client or a group of clients - 31point of presence (pop)* pop is an access point to the internet, an ISP can help allow good access to the internet
- 32network of access point (NAP)* Nap is where different networks interconnect such as your home network onto the internet
- 33example'
- 34example'
- 35advantages of dial up* can use existing telephone lines
* gives connection where broadband is not available - 36disadvantages of dial up* older technology
*can give poor reception
* usually slower than other methods
* no one can use the phone when your connected to the internet - 37advantages of broadband*better reception than dial up
*faster than dial up - 38disadvantages of broadband* wired so has to be used on a stationary computer
*broadband is not available in many rural areas - 39advantages of wireless* not fixed to a stationary computer
* can be used whenever wireless internet is available - 40disadvantages of wireless* needs to have wireless internet available
* can be less secure than wired
* tends to be slower than wired - 41bandwidth* bandwidth is how much capacity there is to carry digital data
* high bandwidth means more data can be moved - 42example
- 43internet protocol ( IP )* handling the routing of packets
* this means addressing, sending & receiving packets over the net - 44transmission control protocol ( TCP )* breaking data into packets
* assembling the packets again once they arrive - 45file transfer protocol ( FTP )* protocol which allows files to be transferred between two computers or devices
* it is usually used to upload/download files to a server
used to transfer large files quickly - 46example
- 47example
- 48HTTP* hypertext transfer protocol
*this is a set of rules that handle what we do on the web
*it also handles the response to download the web page and all of its files to your computer - 49HTTPS* this means the website is secure
* protects data from 'hackers' - 50FTP* file transfer protocol
* you usually need a username & password
*it can be used to upload and download files from a server - 51O.S: online communication* moving data in the form of text, photos, video, audio
* email, instant messages, social networks - 52O.S: real-time information* they are constantly updated for people who need to get the latest information
*train timetables, traffic reports, flight updates - 53O.S: commerce*shopping/banking
* tesco,ebay,amazon - 54O.S: government* local councils/ national governments
* car tax , tax returns - 55O.S: entertainment* netflix
* youtube - 56O.S:..
- 57example
- 58client side* a user on a device typing key words into a search engine
- 59search engine* google chrome , bing , yahoo
* display results to the client - 60server side*where databases search to find relevant information
- 61spider/web crawler* it is called a spider because it crawls the web to find websites
- 62index;
*searches for keywords - 63database*collects data
- 64sponsored link results*a paid advertisement
*businesses pay for their website to be shown first - 65adverts*advertising other websites/products
- 66popularity*the websites will be shown with the most popular first
- 67advantages of emails* you can send files as attachments
*can send it to multiple people at the same time
*it is faster than post - 68disadvantages of emails* viruses can be spread through emails
* emails may be intercepted by hackers
* spam can be irritating - 69SMTP* simple mail transfer protocol
* pushes the mail from the server to the client - 70POP3*post office protocol 3
* pulls the mail from the server to the client when requested - 71IMAP* internet message access protocol
*used for webmail - 72example of a packet of data
- 73exaxmple
- 74packet switchingpacket switching is the process of data being broken into 'packets' before being sent through a network and then reassembled at the other end
- 75advantages of packet switching* sends data across a network efficiently
*it means big files which would otherwise clog up the network because small packets can choose different routes through networks
* if a packet is intercepted the hacker will only have one part of the whole file - 76disadvantages of packet switching* if one or more packets are lost or corrupted during transmission the whole file will not be received
- 77simplexsignals go in one direction at a time
(mouse connecting to a computer) - 78full-duplex*signals go in both directions at the same time
(smartphone synching to a computer) - 79half-duplex*signals go in both directions to monitor and send instructions. they do not need to go at the same time
(control system on a production line) - 80serial transmission* bits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire
* B: good over large distances
* L: complex because data has to be broken into individual bits - 81parallel transmission* bits of data are transferred simultaneously - a whole byte can be transferred at the same time
* B: faster because more bits are transferred
* L: shorter distance ( around 5 meters) - 82unsheilded twisted pair (UTP) shielded twisted pair (STP)* it is made up of pairs of copper wires twisted together(UTP)
*shielded cable has a protective layer around the copper wires
* can be used to connect computers to a network backbone
- 83advantages of UTP & STP* interference is lessened due to the twisting
*cheaper than other methods
* reliable - 84disadvantages of UTP & STP* slow
* low capacity
* used over short distances
* susceptible to noise, which means the data can be interfered with if near another digital device or signal - 85coaxial* solid copper wire with thick shielding
* reliable
* can be used for TV networks e.g TV to aerial
- 86disadvantages of coaxial* slow
* low capacity
* used over short distances
* thick and physically inflexible * susceptible to noise - 87fibre optic* glass or plastic cables which use light to transmit data
* can be used as a backbone of a network
- 88advantages of fibre optic* fast
* used over long distances
* little interference - 89disadvantages of fibre optic* expensive
* complex to install (needs a specialist) - 90infrared (wireless transmission methods)* uses infrared light to transfer data (invisible to the human eye)
* reliable
* can be used for a television remote, keyboard and mouse
- 91disadvantages of infrared* short range
* devices must be in line of sight
* can suffer from interference - 92microwave* uses short wavelengths to transmit data ( invisible to the human eye )
* A: good for longer distances
* D: can suffer from interference from other devices
* Bluetooth
- 93satellite* uses satellites in space to relay data between different points on earth
* A: good for very long distances
* D: very expensive
* can be used for global communication systems
- 94network interface card (NIC) & network access point (NAC)*devices using networking need NIC
* nic: hardware to receive wireless signals
* built into modern devices
* NIC connects to NAP
NAP: lots of places offer NAP - 95HTML (hypertext markup language)* HTML is made up of tags
*pairs of tags are called HTML elements
* text - 96common html tagshttp://www.thuto.org/ubh/web/html/tags1.htm
- 97client side processing* client side processing uses the clients computer to process web page in data exchange
* using widgets(interactive calendar)
- 98advantages of client side processing* speed-faster because the data is on the client and does not need to move across the internet
* security-data cannot be intercepted on the client in the way it can when it moves across the internet - 99disadvantages of client side processing* browser-specific - different browsers process scripts in different ways therefore the web page owner cannot be sure how their web page will appear on screen
* computer speed- the web page owner is reliant on the processors speed of the clients computer - 100server side processing* server side processing uses the web server to process web page data
* web form
- 101advantages of server side processing* efficiency - the information to process does not need to be downloaded to the clients computer
- 102disadvantages of server side processing* security - when data is transferred across the internet it is more at risk of security threats
* overloading - if a lot of users are asking the web server to process data, it could overload the server and cause it to run slowly or crash - 103types of relationships* one to one : very rarely used
* one to many : most commonly used
* many to many :
- 104data base* most websites are based on databases
* it is a collection of data - 105table* a set of data is stored in a table
* can contain information about learners at a school - 106field* the columns in a table store categories called fields
* e.g: name/address/gender/date of birth - 107record* a row in a table that stores data about a single item
*e.g: information about 1 learner - 108primary key* it is a unique piece of data which identifies one record
* e.g: a student id number - 109foreign key* this is the primary key but in a different table and it creates a relationship
- 110data types and uses: text* characters(letters,numbers and symbols)
* e.g: TVO47DG - 111data types and uses: number* numerical value
*e.g: 1.4 - 112data types and uses: date/time* dates and times
* e.g: 01/2014 - 113data types and uses: Boolean* yes/no also known as true/false
*e.g: yes - 114data protection act 1998* provides 8 principles that govern the way data about individuals is stored and used
- 115computer misuse act 1990*introduced to protect from hackers and malicious use of viruses
- 116copyright, designs and patents act 1988* protects creators of original works
- 117freedom of information act 2000* provides individual the right to see information stored about them data can be accessed about public bodies
- 118technology used for monitoring : movement* cctv
* gps devices
* airport passenger lists - 119technology used for monitoring: communication* monitoring emails
* monitoring web sites visited
* logging keywords typed into search engines - 120pay per click disadvantagesvague use of keywords this means that although people click it to find out what it is advertising (there are no sales from the click as the website may not be what they are looking for)
- 121firewallsmonitors data arriving and block harmful data
they prevent harmful data entering your data network
monitors individual ports
checks IP addresses - 122protecting datapasswords
encryption
anti-virus - 123transmission control protocol tcp*
- 124—
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- Karteikarten am flashcards for ict, erstellt von Charlotte Scott am 27/11/2018.
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