Karteikarten
Microbio
Karten in diesem Stapel (68)
- 1Basic characteristics of staphylococcusGram positive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile, non spore forming, catalase positive
cocci in clusters
grow in high salt concentration (6.5-10%)
temp between 18-40C - 2Basic characteristics of S. aureuscoagulase positive
opportunistic
found in anterior nares and moist skin folds
colonies turn yellow - 3Virulence factors of S. aureus and roleprotein A - escape host defenses
polysaccharide capsule - escape
slime layer - adhesion
MSCRAMMS - adhesion
enzymes - invasion
toxins
peptidoglycan - endotoxin like activity - 4What are the main toxins produced by staphylococci and which species produces them? What diseases are they associated with?S aureus
- exotoxins - food poisoning; resistant to heat
- TSST1 - toxic shock syndrome
- exfoliative toxins - SSSS, bullous impetigo
- cytotoxins - a, b, g, d, leukocidin - 5What are the diseases caused by S. aureusPyogenic - impetigo, carbuncles, faruncles, folliculitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, phenumonia
Toxic - food poisoning, TSS, exfoliative dermatitis - 6What are the virulence factors of S. epidermidis? What diseases?formation of biofilm (slime layer)
medical device related: shunt, catheter, contact lens, intrauterine devices
human related: ear infections, UTI, endocarditis, cystic fibrosis related - 7Virulence factors of S. saprophyticus? What diseasesurease. UTIs in young sexually active females
- 8S. epidermidis and saprophyticus are..coagulate negative
opportunistic
colonize the skin and genital tract - 9Staphylococcal resistanceMRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus) are resistant to all B-lactams due to penicillinase which attacks penicillin drugs
- 10Basic characteristics of streptococccusGram positive
non motile
non spore forming
facultative anaerobic
catalase negative
capnophilic
ferment carbohydrates to lactic acid
rods in chains - 11Lancefield classificationA protein - pyogenes
B - agalactiae
D- enterococcus - 12Hemolytic patterns of streptococcia - viridans and pneumonia
b - agalactiae and pyogenes
g - enteroccoci - 13Virulence factors of pyogenesgroup A antigen
M protein (type 1 for rheumatic fever)
M-like protein
F protein
Lipotechoic acid
C5a peptidase
hyaluronic acid capsule - 14Enzymes of pyogenesStreptolysin O and A
streptokinase A and B
DNAase A-D - 15Toxins of pyogenesStreptococci Pyogenic exotoxin (A,B,C,F)
- superantigen, secretion proinflamattory cytokines
- strep. TSS, necrotizing fasciitis - 16Pyogenes DiseasesPyogenic - impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fascitis, erysipelas, pharyngitis
Toxic - TSS, scarlet fever
Poststreptoccoal sequelae - rheumatic fever, arthritis, chorea minor, carditis
+ acute glomerulonephritis, bacteremia - 17S. viridans- oral bacteria
- colonize oral cavity and upper respiratory
- S. mutans - dental caries
virulence factors - IgA protease, resistance to high acidity, ferment sucrose to lactic acid
others: mitis, anguinosis, sanguis, salivarius - 18Colonization of pyogenes- oropharynx
- 19S. agalactiae colonization- genital and GI
- 10-30% pregnant women vagina - 20S. agalactiae characteristicspolysaccharide capsule with sialic acid
type B antigen - 21At risk people and diseases of S. agalactiaeearly onset babies - meningitis, bacteria, sepsis, pneumonia
Late onset babies - meningitis with bacteria
Pregnant women - postpartum endometriosis, wound inf, sepsis, UTIs
Non-pregnant women/men - joint and bone infections, skin and soft tissue inf., pneumonia, bacteria - 22Medium for streptococcusBlood agar
- 23Virulence factors S. pneumonia- a hemolytic due to pneumolysin
- 2 types techoic acid - phospholipase C, F antigen
- phosphorylcholine
- IgA protease
- pneumolysin
- cell wall components (released by amidase)
- CAPSULE - 24colonization of s. pnemoniaeoropharynx/nasopharynx
- 25S pneumonia diseases- pneumonia
- otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, bacteremia - 26pneumonia vaccine?23- pneumovax
against 23 different serotypes of capsule
(88% of which are the most invade species in humans) - 27what is the most important virulence factor of s. pneumonia?capsule
- can change its serotype (molecule mimicry)
-prevents phagocytosis - 28how to tell difference between alpha hemolyics streptococci- viridans - optochin resistant
- pneumonia - optochin susceptible - 29how to tell difference between beta hemolyics streptococci- pyogenes - bacitracin susceptible
- PYR positive
- ASO test
- hippurate negative
- agalactiae - bacitracin resistant, PYR negative
- hippurate positive
- CAMP test - 30Colonization of enterococci- GI and genetical tract
- 31main bacteria of enterococcusfaecalis (more concentrated) and faecium
- 32diseases caused by enterococcus- primary cause of nosocomial infection
- at risk: catheter use, broad spectrum antibiotics, long term hospitalization
- UTIs, endocarditis - 33characteristics of enteroccocus- can grow in NaCl and bile salts
- ferment glucose to lactic acid
- y or nonhemolytic
- resistant to many antibiotics, ability to adhere to surfaces --> biofilm - 34how to identify enterococci- PYR positive
- y hemolytic
- esculin positive - 35general characteristics of bacilligram positive
usually motile
facultative anaerobic
spore forming (central)
non hemolytic
rods (single, pair, or chain) - 36B. anthracis virulence factors- polypeptide capsule
- edema factor and lethal factor
-PA, LF, and EF are nontoxic but can come together and form toxic compounds
- EF - increases CAMP
- LF - cleaves MAP kinase, increases cytokines prod. - 37Diseases caused by B. anthracis- anthrax
- usually infects herbivores
- cutaneous, gastrointestinal and inhalation
- mainly cutaneous contracted from spores contacting open skin in soil, or animal products - 38identification of antrax- spores are only seen in culture
- capsule not produced in culture
- nonmotile, non hemolytic - 39B. anthracis mediumblood agar
- 40B. cereus virulence factorsenterotoxins
1. heat labile - emetic gastroenteritis
2. heat stabile - diarrheal gastroenteritis - 41diseases caused by B. cereusgastroenteritis
- emetic - toxin
- diarrheal - bacteria
ocular infection (injury, panophthalmitis)
- cereolysin
- necrotic toxin
- phospholipase C
bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, sepsis - 42what type of pathogen is b. cereusopportunistic
- 43ID of b. cereus- motile
- b hemolytic - 44general of corynebacteriagram positive
nonspore forming
non motile
catalase positive
common media
intracytoplasmic granules
short chain mycolic acids - 45main bacteria of corynebactriaC. diphtheria, diphtheroids
- 46virulence factors of C. diphteriaeAb exotoxin encoded by B-phage
targets EF-2 --> stops protein synthesis
regulated by DTxR in presence of Fe - 47Diphtheria disease- humans are only natural reservoir
- respiratory and cutaneous
- antitoxin vaccine (DTP) - 48ID of diphteriaElek test - immunoprecipitation assay tests for toxin
PCR - tests for toxin
loeffler medium, blood agar
chinese letters, metachromatic granules - 49diphteroids-opportunistic
part of normal flora
bacterial resistance
cause nosocomial, UTIs and some have TOX gene
- jaekium, amylius, urealyticus, pseudotuberculosis, ulcerans - 50Mycobacteria- aerobic
- gram positive
nonmotile
nonspore forming
acid-fast
mycolic acid
slow growing
lipid rich cell wall
CG rich DNA
protein antigens in cell wall
colourless cultures - 51M. tuberculosis- complex of tuberculosis, bovine, and afrikanum
intracellular
multiply within macrophages
prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion - sulfolipids
catabolize oxides (prevent acid.)
cord factor allows for granuloma - 52ID of tuberculosispositive skin test
in vitro IFN-y release assay
X-ray
Ziel-neelson carbofuschin test (red=positive)
fluorochrome (rhodamine-auramine) - 53culture of tuberculosisLowenstein-jensen agar (egg) - slow 5-8 weeks
broth - 2 weeks
cords or tangles - 54what are the species in mycobacteriumtuberculosis, leprae, NTM
- 55Characteristic of M. leprae- cannot be cultured
- strict pathogen
- requires long lasting exposure - 56diseases caused by M. leprae- tuberculoid leprosy - cell mediated, benign, skin test positive
- lepramatious leprosy - antigen mediated, more infectious - 57what are the main non-tuberculoid mycobacteriaintracellular, ulcerans, kansasii, avid, fortuitum
opportunistic
fast growing, pigmented cultures (yellow) - 58what are the basic characteristics of cornyebacteriumgram positive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore forming, catalase positive, club shaped rods
- 59what is in the cell wall of cornyebacteriumshort chain mycolic acids, meso-DAP, arabinose, galactose
- 60what are culture characteristics of diphteriachinese letters
- 61what media do we culture cornyebacteriaLoeffler
common lab medium - 62what is the nature of the diphtheria vaccinetoxoid
- 63what is the main virulence factor of diphtheria? what does it dodiphtheria toxin; encoded by B-phage
inhibits protein synthesis of host cells --> death - 64what is the Elek testimmunologic assay for testing of diphtheria toxin;
Gold standard - 65what are the main ID techniques of diphteriachinese letters, meta. granules, Elek test, PCR
- 66how is diphtheria transmittedperson-to-person; respiratory droplets and wound exudate
- 67is diphtheria oppostrunitic of strict pathogenstrict pathogen
- 68—
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Microbio, erstellt von Emilia Mijatovic am 15/12/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Emilia Mijatovic
- Aufrufe
- 2
- Bewertung