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Flashcards

Microbio

Emilia Mijatovic English 68 cards

Cards in this deck (68)

  1. 1Basic characteristics of staphylococcusGram positive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile, non spore forming, catalase positive
    cocci in clusters
    grow in high salt concentration (6.5-10%)
    temp between 18-40C
  2. 2Basic characteristics of S. aureuscoagulase positive
    opportunistic
    found in anterior nares and moist skin folds
    colonies turn yellow
  3. 3Virulence factors of S. aureus and roleprotein A - escape host defenses
    polysaccharide capsule - escape
    slime layer - adhesion
    MSCRAMMS - adhesion
    enzymes - invasion
    toxins
    peptidoglycan - endotoxin like activity
  4. 4What are the main toxins produced by staphylococci and which species produces them? What diseases are they associated with?S aureus
    - exotoxins - food poisoning; resistant to heat
    - TSST1 - toxic shock syndrome
    - exfoliative toxins - SSSS, bullous impetigo
    - cytotoxins - a, b, g, d, leukocidin
  5. 5What are the diseases caused by S. aureusPyogenic - impetigo, carbuncles, faruncles, folliculitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, phenumonia
    Toxic - food poisoning, TSS, exfoliative dermatitis
  6. 6What are the virulence factors of S. epidermidis? What diseases?formation of biofilm (slime layer)
    medical device related: shunt, catheter, contact lens, intrauterine devices
    human related: ear infections, UTI, endocarditis, cystic fibrosis related
  7. 7Virulence factors of S. saprophyticus? What diseasesurease. UTIs in young sexually active females
  8. 8S. epidermidis and saprophyticus are..coagulate negative
    opportunistic
    colonize the skin and genital tract
  9. 9Staphylococcal resistanceMRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus) are resistant to all B-lactams due to penicillinase which attacks penicillin drugs
  10. 10Basic characteristics of streptococccusGram positive
    non motile
    non spore forming
    facultative anaerobic
    catalase negative
    capnophilic
    ferment carbohydrates to lactic acid
    rods in chains
  11. 11Lancefield classificationA protein - pyogenes
    B - agalactiae
    D- enterococcus
  12. 12Hemolytic patterns of streptococcia - viridans and pneumonia
    b - agalactiae and pyogenes
    g - enteroccoci
  13. 13Virulence factors of pyogenesgroup A antigen
    M protein (type 1 for rheumatic fever)
    M-like protein
    F protein
    Lipotechoic acid
    C5a peptidase
    hyaluronic acid capsule
  14. 14Enzymes of pyogenesStreptolysin O and A
    streptokinase A and B
    DNAase A-D
  15. 15Toxins of pyogenesStreptococci Pyogenic exotoxin (A,B,C,F)
    - superantigen, secretion proinflamattory cytokines
    - strep. TSS, necrotizing fasciitis
  16. 16Pyogenes DiseasesPyogenic - impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fascitis, erysipelas, pharyngitis
    Toxic - TSS, scarlet fever
    Poststreptoccoal sequelae - rheumatic fever, arthritis, chorea minor, carditis
    + acute glomerulonephritis, bacteremia
  17. 17S. viridans- oral bacteria
    - colonize oral cavity and upper respiratory
    - S. mutans - dental caries
    virulence factors - IgA protease, resistance to high acidity, ferment sucrose to lactic acid
    others: mitis, anguinosis, sanguis, salivarius
  18. 18Colonization of pyogenes- oropharynx
  19. 19S. agalactiae colonization- genital and GI
    - 10-30% pregnant women vagina
  20. 20S. agalactiae characteristicspolysaccharide capsule with sialic acid
    type B antigen
  21. 21At risk people and diseases of S. agalactiaeearly onset babies - meningitis, bacteria, sepsis, pneumonia
    Late onset babies - meningitis with bacteria
    Pregnant women - postpartum endometriosis, wound inf, sepsis, UTIs
    Non-pregnant women/men - joint and bone infections, skin and soft tissue inf., pneumonia, bacteria
  22. 22Medium for streptococcusBlood agar
  23. 23Virulence factors S. pneumonia- a hemolytic due to pneumolysin
    - 2 types techoic acid - phospholipase C, F antigen
    - phosphorylcholine
    - IgA protease
    - pneumolysin
    - cell wall components (released by amidase)
    - CAPSULE
  24. 24colonization of s. pnemoniaeoropharynx/nasopharynx
  25. 25S pneumonia diseases- pneumonia
    - otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, bacteremia
  26. 26pneumonia vaccine?23- pneumovax
    against 23 different serotypes of capsule
    (88% of which are the most invade species in humans)
  27. 27what is the most important virulence factor of s. pneumonia?capsule
    - can change its serotype (molecule mimicry)
    -prevents phagocytosis
  28. 28how to tell difference between alpha hemolyics streptococci- viridans - optochin resistant
    - pneumonia - optochin susceptible
  29. 29how to tell difference between beta hemolyics streptococci- pyogenes - bacitracin susceptible
    - PYR positive
    - ASO test
    - hippurate negative
    - agalactiae - bacitracin resistant, PYR negative
    - hippurate positive
    - CAMP test
  30. 30Colonization of enterococci- GI and genetical tract
  31. 31main bacteria of enterococcusfaecalis (more concentrated) and faecium
  32. 32diseases caused by enterococcus- primary cause of nosocomial infection
    - at risk: catheter use, broad spectrum antibiotics, long term hospitalization
    - UTIs, endocarditis
  33. 33characteristics of enteroccocus- can grow in NaCl and bile salts
    - ferment glucose to lactic acid
    - y or nonhemolytic
    - resistant to many antibiotics, ability to adhere to surfaces --> biofilm
  34. 34how to identify enterococci- PYR positive
    - y hemolytic
    - esculin positive
  35. 35general characteristics of bacilligram positive
    usually motile
    facultative anaerobic
    spore forming (central)
    non hemolytic
    rods (single, pair, or chain)
  36. 36B. anthracis virulence factors- polypeptide capsule
    - edema factor and lethal factor
    -PA, LF, and EF are nontoxic but can come together and form toxic compounds
    - EF - increases CAMP
    - LF - cleaves MAP kinase, increases cytokines prod.
  37. 37Diseases caused by B. anthracis- anthrax
    - usually infects herbivores
    - cutaneous, gastrointestinal and inhalation
    - mainly cutaneous contracted from spores contacting open skin in soil, or animal products
  38. 38identification of antrax- spores are only seen in culture
    - capsule not produced in culture
    - nonmotile, non hemolytic
  39. 39B. anthracis mediumblood agar
  40. 40B. cereus virulence factorsenterotoxins
    1. heat labile - emetic gastroenteritis
    2. heat stabile - diarrheal gastroenteritis
  41. 41diseases caused by B. cereusgastroenteritis
    - emetic - toxin
    - diarrheal - bacteria
    ocular infection (injury, panophthalmitis)
    - cereolysin
    - necrotic toxin
    - phospholipase C
    bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, sepsis
  42. 42what type of pathogen is b. cereusopportunistic
  43. 43ID of b. cereus- motile
    - b hemolytic
  44. 44general of corynebacteriagram positive
    nonspore forming
    non motile
    catalase positive
    common media
    intracytoplasmic granules
    short chain mycolic acids
  45. 45main bacteria of corynebactriaC. diphtheria, diphtheroids
  46. 46virulence factors of C. diphteriaeAb exotoxin encoded by B-phage
    targets EF-2 --> stops protein synthesis
    regulated by DTxR in presence of Fe
  47. 47Diphtheria disease- humans are only natural reservoir
    - respiratory and cutaneous
    - antitoxin vaccine (DTP)
  48. 48ID of diphteriaElek test - immunoprecipitation assay tests for toxin
    PCR - tests for toxin
    loeffler medium, blood agar
    chinese letters, metachromatic granules
  49. 49diphteroids-opportunistic
    part of normal flora
    bacterial resistance
    cause nosocomial, UTIs and some have TOX gene
    - jaekium, amylius, urealyticus, pseudotuberculosis, ulcerans
  50. 50Mycobacteria- aerobic
    - gram positive
    nonmotile
    nonspore forming
    acid-fast
    mycolic acid
    slow growing
    lipid rich cell wall
    CG rich DNA
    protein antigens in cell wall
    colourless cultures
  51. 51M. tuberculosis- complex of tuberculosis, bovine, and afrikanum
    intracellular
    multiply within macrophages
    prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion - sulfolipids
    catabolize oxides (prevent acid.)
    cord factor allows for granuloma
  52. 52ID of tuberculosispositive skin test
    in vitro IFN-y release assay
    X-ray
    Ziel-neelson carbofuschin test (red=positive)
    fluorochrome (rhodamine-auramine)
  53. 53culture of tuberculosisLowenstein-jensen agar (egg) - slow 5-8 weeks
    broth - 2 weeks
    cords or tangles
  54. 54what are the species in mycobacteriumtuberculosis, leprae, NTM
  55. 55Characteristic of M. leprae- cannot be cultured
    - strict pathogen
    - requires long lasting exposure
  56. 56diseases caused by M. leprae- tuberculoid leprosy - cell mediated, benign, skin test positive
    - lepramatious leprosy - antigen mediated, more infectious
  57. 57what are the main non-tuberculoid mycobacteriaintracellular, ulcerans, kansasii, avid, fortuitum
    opportunistic
    fast growing, pigmented cultures (yellow)
  58. 58what are the basic characteristics of cornyebacteriumgram positive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore forming, catalase positive, club shaped rods
  59. 59what is in the cell wall of cornyebacteriumshort chain mycolic acids, meso-DAP, arabinose, galactose
  60. 60what are culture characteristics of diphteriachinese letters
  61. 61what media do we culture cornyebacteriaLoeffler
    common lab medium
  62. 62what is the nature of the diphtheria vaccinetoxoid
  63. 63what is the main virulence factor of diphtheria? what does it dodiphtheria toxin; encoded by B-phage
    inhibits protein synthesis of host cells --> death
  64. 64what is the Elek testimmunologic assay for testing of diphtheria toxin;
    Gold standard
  65. 65what are the main ID techniques of diphteriachinese letters, meta. granules, Elek test, PCR
  66. 66how is diphtheria transmittedperson-to-person; respiratory droplets and wound exudate
  67. 67is diphtheria oppostrunitic of strict pathogenstrict pathogen
  68. 68—

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Flashcards on Microbio, created by Emilia Mijatovic on 15/12/2018.
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