Karteikarten

Rivers

Laura O' Sullivan Geography Sixth year Englisch 56 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (56)

1Drainage basinArea of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
2WatershedRidge of high land that separates one drainage basin from another.
3River dischargeThe volume of water that is carried by a river at a given point.
4VelocityThe speed that the water in the river is moving at.
5GradientHow steep the slope that a river is flowing on. The steeper the slope, that faster the river should flow.
6Turbulent flowThe type of flow that occurs where the riverbed is rough. As the water flows, it is mixed and thrown around. It is important for erosion and transportation.
7Drainage patternThe overall layout of a river and its tributaries on an area.
8Dendritic drainage patternDrainage pattern that resembles a tree in Winter.Develops on gently sloping land. Eg River Shannon.
9Radial drainage patternStreams drain outwards in all directions, away from a high central point. Eg the Twelve Pins in Co. Mayo.
10Trellised drainage patternDrainage pattern where tributaries join the main river at right angles, in a ridge and valley landscape or in glaciated valleys. Eg. River Lee
11Deranged drainage patternDrainage pattern that has a chaotic appearance. Rivers run in random patterns creating small lakes. This is associated with marshy or boggy lowlands, and glaciated landscapes. Eg. Monaghan
12Dendritic drainage pattern
13Radial drainage pattern
14Trellis drainage pattern
15Deranged drainage pattern
16ErosionA collection of processes that wear away the landscape and transport a load to another location.
17Hydraulic actionErosion caused by the force of moving water.
18CavitationA form of hydraulic action that takes place when air bubbles in the water collapse sending out tiny shockwaves.
19AbrasionWhen the river uses the force of its load to erode.
20AttritionA way of eroding the rivers load through small collisions between the particles of the load.
21SolutionChemical weathering of the rock, whereby soft rocks are dissolved by the water in the river.
22Vertical erosionErosion that is active in the youthful stage of a river, making the valley deeper.
23Lateral erosionErosion that is active in the mature and old age stage of the river, making the river channel and valley wider.
24Headward erosionErosion that is active upstream of the rivers source, lengthening the river in an upstream direction.
25LoadThe various materials which are transported by the river
26SolutionSlightly acidic water in the river dissolves soluble minerals in the rock, transporting them as solution.
27SuspensionThe lightest particles of the load are carried along in the flow of the river without settling.
28SaltationParticles of sand, gravle and small stones are picked up by the water, carried forward only to be dropped to the riverbed. Particles hop downstream.
29TractionThe largest stones and boulders are rolled and dragged along the riverbed.
30BedloadThe load the river moves along its bed by saltation or traction.
31AlluviumThe general term for sorted sediments (sand, clay and silt) that are deposited in layers (strata) by rivers.
32Long profileShows how a rivers gradient changes as it flows from its source to its mouth.
33Base levelThe level below which a river cannot erode vertically. This may be sea level or where a river flows into a lake or reservoir.
34Youthful/Upper courseIn this stage, the gradient is steep, the river channel is narrow and erosion is the dominant process.
35Youthful/Upper course
36Mature/Middle courseThe river has more energy and volume in this stage. The gradient is gentler and the river course has become deeper. Vertical erosion gives way to lateral erosion.
37Mature/Middle course
38Old/Lower CourseVolume of water is at its greatest in this stage. River channel is deep and wide. While there is some lateral erosion, deposition is the dominant process.
39Old/Lower Course
40Long profile
41V-shaped valley
42V-shaped valley
43Waterfall
44Waterfall
45Meanders
46Meanders
47Ox-bow lake
48Oxbow lake
49SourceThe place where a river starts.
50TributarySmall river that joins the main river.
51ConfluenceThe point where a tributary joins the main river.
52MouthWhere the river goes into the sea.
53Flood plain
54Flood plain
55Flood plainThe area around a river that's prone to flooding.
56Levee