Karteikarten
CPCE
Karten in diesem Stapel (32)
- 1Relational Research Questions hope to examine what?The relationship between variables
- 2Descriptive Research Questions examine what?Examine and Describe what already exists. (e.g. How many individuals died in car crashes last year?)
- 3Causal Research Questions examine what?Cause and effect relationship among variables.
- 4What is a variable?2 or more levels or categories, can vary but must be multidimensional.
- 5What is an Independent Variable (IV)?A construct that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher (e.g. CBT for 12 weeks).
- 6What is a Dependent Variable (DV)?The outcome variable that is influenced by an independent variable (e.g. Effect of CBT treatment on an alcoholic participant).
- 7What is an Extraneous Variable?A variable that comes from outside of the IV, but also affects the DV.
- 8What is a Confounding Variable?A special case of extraneous variables that the experimenter has not controlled for in research design (e.g. client starts to take suboxone without letting researcher know.)
- 93 Types of research hypotheses?1) Research Hypothesis
2) Null Hypothesis
3) Alternative Hypothesis - 10What is a Research Hypothesis?A testable, concise statement involving the expected relationship between two or more variables. (e.g. what the researcher is testing).
- 11What is a Null Hypothesis?Is a statement that there is no relationship between IV and DV. (e.g. CBT treatment did not affect alcoholic's substance use).
- 12What is an Alternative Hypothesis?Another Hypothesis developed with an extraneous variable that could also explain the results of research. (e.g. what else could be causing these results?).
- 13What is Hypothesis Testing?The decision making process of determining if the null hypothesis is to be accepted or rejected.
- 14What is Significance level?A threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis.
- 15What is Statistical significance?Refers to cutoff point (i.e. critical value), any value that exceeds the cutoff point will be notes as statistically significant.
- 16What type of error is a type 1 error?Rejecting null hypothesis when it is true.
- 17What type of error is a type two error?Retaining the null hypothesis even though it is false.
- 18Difference between Probability and nonprobability sampling?Probability sampling involves sampling a small randomized population. Nonprobability involves accessing samples of convinience.
- 19How does Simple random sampling work?Every member of the population has and equal chance of being selected.
- 20How does Systematic Sampling work?Every nth element is chosen. (e.g. every 10th person).
- 21How does Stratified Random sampling work?A population is divided into subgroups based on important characteristics, then researchers select a few from each subgroup.
- 22How does cluster sampling work?The counselor identifies existing subgroups and not individual participants.
- 23What is milti-stage sampling?Two or more stages of random sampling. (e.g. select 60 schools, then 10 classes from each school).
- 24What are the three types of Nonprobability Sampling?Convinience sampling (whoever is willing), Purposeful Sampling (who meets specific criteria), and Quota sampling (Who meets criteria from from convinience sample).
- 25Why is randomization important?Helps maximize credibility of study.
- 26Random selection is when...researchers select participants from a population so that every member has an equal chance of selection.
- 27Random assignment is when...Researchers randomly assign participants to different groups such as control or treatment.
- 28Definition of control group:A group of participants who are not receiving the treatment but who share similar attributes with those who are.
- 29Treatment group or Experimental group is defined as:A group of participants who are receiving the active treatment under study.
- 30What is Internal Validity?The notion that changes in the DV are due to the effects of the IV.
- 31What does artittion mean?Participants drop out of a study, it affects the internal validity.
- 32What is external validity? And how many types are there?The ability to generalize the results of a study to a larger group. 2 types: Population, and Ecological.
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- Karteikarten am CPCE, erstellt von stephanie linn am 18/02/2019.
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- stephanie linn
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