Karteikarten
Groups and teams
Karten in diesem Stapel (13)
- 1Define groups'it is not the similarity or dissimilarity of individuals that constitute a group, but the interdependence of fate' - Lewin, 1939
- 2Define team'A team is not just a group of people who work together or like each other or share opinions. A team is a group of people with a common objective' -hammer, 1998
- 3Why organizations form teams?management and control of work
problem solving and decision making
processing information
cordination
- Hany - 4Group dynamics- LewinIndividual behavior must be seen in the light of groups forming their own practices and norms
Individual behavior is a function of the group environment - 5Luthans, 1998- group dynamicsmanagers need to understand that informal groups have a big part of the dynamics of organizations
review of the research literature on groups identified three key factors in determining group effectiveness
1. Task interdependence - how closely group members work together
2. Outcome interdependence - performance rewards
3. Potency - belief that group can be effective - 6What identifies an informal group?- have no recognition within the organization
- have a sense of identity but no formal goals
-have informal and fluid relationships
-leadership varies according to the situation
- develop spontaneously as they meet social needs of people - 7What identifies an formal group?- the authority of the organization
-officially prescribed goals
- formal relationships
- hierarchical structure
- formal leadership - 8common causes of group conflictobjective dependence
competition between groups
economic factors
discrimination - 9Tuckman et al, 1965 team effective process1. forming
confusion, defining goals, testing ground rules
2.stroming
struggle for leadership, tension, hostility, role searching
3.norming
trust established, roles clarified, cooperation
4.performing
effective team, openness, flexible task roles
5. Adjourning
sadness, self-evaluation, separation, positive feelings towards leader - 10Richard Hackman (2000) 'why teams dont work'Hackman and his colleagues conducted a study of 33 different work groups including athletic teams, prison guards, top management teams and airline crews with the intention of identifying what was that made work group effective. When analysing the results of their research they found that only 4 of the 33 groups could be considered effective. The rest of the groups had so many problems that the researchers turned their attention to analysing the reasons why they did not function effectively.
Hackman stated that many of the claims made on behalf of teams in ‘popular’ management books cannot be dismissed but noted that even where there had been improvements in team performance and productivity, rarely could they be attributed wholly to the creation of the team itself (cause and effect problem).
Mistake 1. Using a team for work that is better done by individuals
Mistake 2. Calling the performing unit, a team but really manage members as individuals
Mistake 3. Fall off the authority balance beam
Mistake 4. Dismantle existing organisational structures so that teams will be - 11Social loafing-the ringelmann effectThe ‘tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working as a part of a group than when working alone’. Where a team member contributes less effort than other members but expects to share equally in the rewards. Is an example of negative synergy and unless this issue is resolved the team will operate sub optimally and total group output may be equal to or less than that of the weakest team member?
- 12Why does managers need to understand group dynamics?o Work is increasingly a group-based activity
o They have a role in motivating group members and need to adapt their leadership style
o Knowledge of group development will help them plan appropriate interventions
o They need to understand the importance of informal groups - 13Problems with groupsProblems with groups:
Discrimination
Stereotyping
Objective dependence
Competition between groups
Harassment and bullying
Social loafing
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- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Groups and teams , erstellt von Henrikke Zachariassen am 06/05/2019.
- Erstellt von
- Henrikke Zachariassen · Mai 2019
- Aktualisiert
- 6 Mai 2019
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