Karteikarten
Physics 4: Atomic structure
Karten in diesem Stapel (71)
- 1What is the radius of an atom?
- 2How does the radius of the nucleus compare to the radius of the whole atom?
- 3Describe simply the structure of the atom (the current model)
- 4Compare the proton, neutron and electron
- 5What does the mass number mean?
- 6What does the atomic number mean?
- 7An atom of sodium (Na) has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is the symbol for this atom? How many electrons does the atom have?
- 8What happens if an atom loses one or more outer electrons?
- 9An atom has no overall charge – what does this mean?
- 10Define what isotopes are
- 11Describe how electrons are arranged in the atom
- 12How can an electron move to a shell closer, or further away from the nucleus?
- 13What causes a new scientific model to be change or replaced?
- 14Who suggested the Plum Pudding model of the atom?
- 15Describe the plum pudding model
- 16State the results of the alpha scattering experiment
- 17What were the names of the scientists carrying out the alpha scattering experiment?
- 18What conclusions where made about the nucleus from the alpha scattering experiment?Most of the alpha particles went straight through the foil - most of the atom must be empty space; the nucleus is very small.
Some of the alpha particles were deflected - The nucleus must be positively charged.
A small number were deflected back to where they came from - the nucleus must be dense. Most of the mass of the atom must be concentrated in the nucleus. - 19What conclusions where made about the nucleus from the alpha scattering experiment?Most of the alpha particles went straight through the foil - most of the atom must be empty space; the nucleus is very small.
Some of the alpha particles were deflected - The nucleus must be positively charged.
A small number were deflected back to where they came from - the nucleus must be dense. Most of the mass of the atom must be concentrated in the nucleus. - 20What did Niels Bohr suggest about the atom in (1913)?Electrons orbit at different specific distances from the nucleus.
- 21What did Niels Bohr suggest about the atom in (1913)?Electrons orbit at different specific distances from the nucleus.
- 22What did James Chadwick discover about the structure of the atom in (1932)?He discovered the neurton.
- 23What did James Chadwick discover about the structure of the atom in (1932)?He discovered the neurton.
- 24What is an alpha particle?2 neutrons and 2 protons. (the same as a helium nucleus).
- 25What is an alpha particle?2 neutrons and 2 protons. (the same as a helium nucleus).
- 26What is a beta particle?A high speed electron emitted from the nucleus.
- 27What is a beta particle?A high speed electron emitted from the nucleus.
- 28What is a gamma ray?Electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus.
- 29What is a gamma ray?Electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus.
- 30What does count rate mean? What is it measured in?Number of decays per second recorded by a Gieger muller tube.
- 31What does count rate mean? What is it measured in?Number of decays per second recorded by a Gieger muller tube.
- 32What does activity mean? What is it measured in?Rate at which a source of unstable nuclei decays.
Becquerels, Bq - 33What does activity mean? What is it measured in?Rate at which a source of unstable nuclei decays.
Becquerels, Bq - 34Compare the properties of alpha, beta and gamma. (Their penetration through materials, range in air and ionising power)
- 35What equipment is used to detect nucleur radiation?A Geiger-Muller tube. (GM tube)
- 36What equipment is used to detect nucleur radiation?A Geiger-Muller tube. (GM tube)
- 37Describe what happens to a nucleus when it emits a alpha particle?The nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons.
- 38Describe what happens to a nucleus when it emits a alpha particle?The nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons.
- 39Describe what happens to a nucleus when it emits a beta particle?A neutron from the nucleus turns into a proton and an electron. The electron is released. The proton gets added back into the nucleus.
- 40Describe what happens to a nucleus when it emits a beta particle?A neutron from the nucleus turns into a proton and an electron. The electron is released. The proton gets added back into the nucleus.
- 41Describe what happens to a nucleus when it emits a gamma?It loses energy.
- 42Describe what happens to a nucleus when it emits a gamma?It loses energy.
- 43Write the full decay equation for radon-219 decaying by alpha emission.
- 44Write the full decay equation for carbon-14 decaying by beta emission.
- 45What happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus when it decays by alpha?The mass and charge both decrease.
- 46What happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus when it decays by alpha?The mass and charge both decrease.
- 47What happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus when it decays by beta?The mass does not change.
The charge increases. - 48What happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus when it decays by beta?The mass does not change.
The charge increases. - 49What happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus when it decays by gamma?The mass and charge do not change.
- 50What happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus when it decays by gamma?The mass and charge do not change.
- 51Define what half life is?The time it takes for the number of nuclei in a sample to halve, or the timw it takes for the count rate/actuvity to fall to half of its original level.
- 52Define what half life is?The time it takes for the number of nuclei in a sample to halve, or the timw it takes for the count rate/actuvity to fall to half of its original level.
- 53How can you find half-life from a graph?
- 54An isotope has an initial count rate of 8000 counts. What is the net decline after 3 half lives (HT)?After 3 half lives = 1000
Therefore net decline is 1/8. (1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2) - 55An isotope has an initial count rate of 8000 counts. What is the net decline after 3 half lives (HT)?After 3 half lives = 1000
Therefore net decline is 1/8. (1/2 × 1/2 × 1/2) - 56Why can radioactivity be harmful?It is ionising.
Low doses can cause cells to mutate and divide, causes cancer.
Hight doses can kill cells. - 57Why can radioactivity be harmful?It is ionising.
Low doses can cause cells to mutate and divide, causes cancer.
Hight doses can kill cells. - 58What is radioactive contamimation?Unwanted radioactive atoms get into or on an object. The contaminating atoms continue to emit nuclear radiation, which could end up inside the body.
- 59What is radioactive contamimation?Unwanted radioactive atoms get into or on an object. The contaminating atoms continue to emit nuclear radiation, which could end up inside the body.
- 60What is radioactive irradiation?Exposing an object to nucleur radiation means it is irradiated. It will not emit radiation afterwards as it does not have contaminating atoms on or in it.
- 61What is radioactive irradiation?Exposing an object to nucleur radiation means it is irradiated. It will not emit radiation afterwards as it does not have contaminating atoms on or in it.
- 62What is the main difference between irradiation and contamination?A contaminated object will emit radioactivity afterwards.
An irradiated object will not. - 63What is the main difference between irradiation and contamination?A contaminated object will emit radioactivity afterwards.
An irradiated object will not. - 64List precautions that could be taken to protect against contamination.Gloves, tongs, radiation suits, masks.
These all prevent getting contaminating atoms on the skin or inside the body. - 65List precautions that could be taken to protect against contamination.Gloves, tongs, radiation suits, masks.
These all prevent getting contaminating atoms on the skin or inside the body. - 66List the precautions that could be taken to protect against irradiation.Keep sources in lead lined boxes, use tongs to hold at arms length, use lead sheilding/ stand behind a lead barrier.
- 67List the precautions that could be taken to protect against irradiation.Keep sources in lead lined boxes, use tongs to hold at arms length, use lead sheilding/ stand behind a lead barrier.
- 68What factors can affect how harmful a radioactive source is?- If the source is alpha, beta or gamma and its half life.
- Alpha is the most ionising, so the most damaging inside the body. It is the least harmful outside the body as it is blocked by the sun.
-Outside the body beta and gamma or the most dangerous as they can penetrate the skin. - 69What factors can affect how harmful a radioactive source is?- If the source is alpha, beta or gamma and its half life.
- Alpha is the most ionising, so the most damaging inside the body. It is the least harmful outside the body as it is blocked by the sun.
-Outside the body beta and gamma or the most dangerous as they can penetrate the skin. - 70What is peer review, and why is it important?When other scientists check experiments and results to make sure that the experiments have been carried out correctly and results are valid.
- 71What is peer review, and why is it important?When other scientists check experiments and results to make sure that the experiments have been carried out correctly and results are valid.
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- GCSE Physics Karteikarten am Physics 4: Atomic structure, erstellt von AsimAli Rehman am 27/05/2019.
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- AsimAli Rehman
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- Erstellt von Isleworth Physics · 21 Mai 2018
- Kopiert von AsimAli Rehman · 27 Mai 2019
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