Karteikarten
Aphasia chapter 4
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- 1Language has three highly integrated components, what are they?1. cognitive
2. linguistic
3. pragmatic - 2what is cognition?manner people acquire knowledge about the world.
how sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, used.
planning and organizing
mental operations - 3what are the five mental operations?recognition, understaning, comprehension (attention/perception), memory, convergent thinking, divergent thinking, evaluative thinking.
- 4two components of linguisitics?form and content
- 5what are the three rules of form?phonology
morphology
syntax - 6what is content made up of?semantics - meaning, topic, subject manner
- 7what are pragmatics important for?- rules and knowledge that guide language use in social settings
- initiate, maintain, terminate conversation
- use, function, purpose of a sentence - 8What is agnosia?inability to imitate, copy, recognize incoming sensory information, but you don't have a sensory deficit
- 9what is apraxia of speech?motoric impairment disrupting the central motor planning and voluntary positioning of speech musculature and sequencing of muscular movements.
- 10what is dysarthria?group of motor deficits caused by impaired strength, speed, coordination of speech musculature.
- 11assessments are driven by what?goals
- 12goals should describe language behaviors in:strengths and weaknesses
- 13goals should identifyexisting problems
- 14goals should determineintervention goals
- 15goals should facilitate what three things of language?comprehension
production
use - 16dementia is:acquired, progression, degeneration of intellectual abilities affecting several cognitive domains
- 17dementia can be reversible and irreversible: t/ftrue
- 18reversable dementia you treat what?underlying condition
- 19what can cause reversible dementia?depression, drug use, hearing loss, neoplasm.
- 20what is the most common forms of irreversible dementia?Alzheimer, MS, parkinson, picks
- 21dementia primarily affects what in the brain?cortical brain tissue.
- 22what does speech sound like in patients with dementia?empty
verbal paraphasia
impaired comprehension
relatively intact repetition
topic digression - 23there are subcortical dementias too, they affect what two areas?thalamus and BG.
- 24what two diseases affect subcortical regions causing dementias?Parkinson and huntington
- 25parkinson and huntinton have what sort of characteristics of speech?decreased output, agraphia, and motor speech disturbances
- 26what is found in people with mixed dementia, containing regions of cortical and subcortical changes?LEWY bodies
- 27what does vascular dementia arise from?thrombotic and embolic occlusion
- 28How many stages of dementia are there?3
- 29What are early signs of dementia for memory?- forgetful and disoriented
- memory, short and long, impacted - 30language abilities in early stages of dementia?intact - successful communicators
- 31early stage of dementia, problems with word finding?yes. sometimes.
- 32early stages of dementia, do they have difficulty interpreting higher-level language forms?yes, sarcasm and humor
- 33Middle stage dementia difficulty with what sort of information?time and place
- 34Middle stage dementia how are memory abilities?impaired. Can't manage personal finances, employment, medications
- 35Middle stage dementia how are conversational abilities?difficult for
turn taking, topic maintenance, topic switching. - 36Middle stage dementia how is language output?- vague
- empty
- irrelevant - 37Middle stage dementia do they have problems with auditory and reading comprehension?yes... all modalities
- 38late stage dementia how is their orientation?very dependent on others for ADL.
- 39late stage dementia language output?may be completely void
mute
comprehension also devestated - 40auditory and visual agnosia are signs not associated with aphasia but what problem?RH functions
- 41when assessing someone with dementia, what do you need to take into account?complications
- motor impairments
- medical conditions
- post stroke psychobehavioral disorders - 42How can you assess cognitive abilities?all processes by which sensory information is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, used
- 43recognition and understanding mean?knowing and awareness
- 44what is memory?taking new information and storing it.
- 45aphasia has impairments in what kinds of memory?short (working memory) and long.
- 46What are the three kinds of thinking?convergent
divergent
evaluative - 47which form of thinking is this: generation of logical conclusions from given information?convergent
- 48what kind of thinking: generation of logical alternatives from a set of given information?Divergent thinking
- 49logical deductions or compelling inferences and generation of locigal necessities is what kind of thinking?convergent
- 50thinking that achieves the best outcomes is what?convergent
- 51when there is not one single right answer, what kind of thinking is this?divergent
- 52when a thinker isn't aware of a thought at the beginning of a particular line or thought is what kind of thinking?divergent
- 53variety, quantity, relevance of output from one source is what kind of thinking?divergent
- 54when you use knowledge to compare or to focumlate evaluations in terms of known criteria, what kind of thinking is this?evaluative
- 55when you use judgment to make a decision, what kind of thinking is this?evaluative
- 56what kind of thinking uses: correctness, completeness, identity, relevance, adequacy, utility, safety, consistency, social custom?evaluative
- 57what is executive function?collection of cognitive abilities that enables success to complete independent, deliberate, novel behaviors
- 58reason, problem solving, strategic thinking, and decision making are all what kind of functions?executive
- 59when you are self aware, what is this a function of?executive function
- 60what two areas may persons with aphasia have difficulties with in executive functioning?problem solving
decision making - 61you need to assess attention with aphasia, why?are they alert and able to maintain attention.
- 62How should you test attention in individuals with aphasia? (contexts)structured and unstructured.
- 63How can you assess memory in individuals with aphasia?do they know: time, place, person
- 64how can you assess thinking in aphasia? (4)- confrontational naming
- matching tasks
- sentence completeion
- Q and Z with specific required responses - 65what is always impaired in persons with aphasia: form, content, use?content
- 66what is content?meaning, topic, subject matter of individuals, utterances, conversation.
- 67what are impaired cognitive abilites in person's with aphasia?perception, memory, thinking
- 68how can you test receptive abilities of persons with aphasia?ask them to point to real life objects, people, actions, attributes, relationships, categories, numbers, letters
- 69how can you test comprehension in connected language?through discourse or sentence level
- 70is gesture usually tested in the battery of aphasia exams?no.
- 71individuals with severe auditory comprehension deficits but with mild of minimal reading impairments have better/worse gestural recognition?better
- 72what is language form?syntax - system of rules used to order words and relate them to one another to express ideas, etc.
- 73is syntax normal to be lacking in aphasia?yes.
- 74there are two types of form words:1. substantive - open class
2. relational - closed class - 75what are substantive (open class) word forms? how are they assessed?verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs
through picture use. - 76what are relational word forms?Prepositions, conjunctions, articles
- 77Individuals with aphasia have difficulty with comprehension in what situations? (4)1. thematic roles
2. number of verbs
3. verb argument
4. number of prepositions or thematic roles - 78impairments in the ability to produce language content are sometimes/always/never part of aphasia?always.
- 79how can a person use category naming?- classify related words (shape, size, color)
- conceptually (fruits)
- functionally (can be eaten) - 80how can you check verbal fluency?- name as many objects/things you can within a category
- 81what is confrontational naming?you name/write what an item is based off a picture
- 82give an example of automatic serial naming?count to 20, name the days of the week, sing happy birthday
- 83what is recognition naming?label an item
- 84what is repetition naming?you say exactly what I say.
- 85how do you get an acquired lanuage disorder?result from brain injury; commonly stroke
- 86what area of language can be impaired with an acquired language disorder?all:
production, comprehension, cognitive processes, - 87what is the hallmark of aphasia?word finding difficulties
- 88what is aphasia not? (4)- problem of sensation (hearing/vision)
- motor problem (dysarthria/apraxia)
- through processing problem (dementia)
- loss of intelligence - 89what is the acronym to spot a stroke?FAST
- 90what does FAST mean for strokes?F: face
A: arms
S: speech
T: time - 91what cant you control to prevent stroke?age, gender, race, family history, personal stroke history, TIA