Karteikarten
Research Test Two
Karten in diesem Stapel (25)
- 1What is the theoretical population?• Refers to the entire collection of people that share some defined characteristic
• Depending on the study, the theoretical population may never really be known - 2What is the definition of a case?• A case is a basic unit of analysis
• If the unit of analysis is a person then a case is used to denote each person who is selected for study
• Can refer to different units of analysis, for example, a family, a group, an organization, a community, or even a nation - 3What is an accessible population?• Only cases that theoretically might be selected as research participants
• Accessible to the researcher because of time, geography, budget etc
Ex. Only reported child abuse incidents - 4What is a sampling frame?actual list of potential cases from which our sample is drawn
o Ex. List of MSW students at the University of Windsor - 5What is a sample? Sample: a subset of cases selected for study from among people or objects within a defined population
o Chosen to represent the population - 6What is meant by representativeness? Refers to the degree to which a research sample is similar to the population from which it was drawn (relative)
Impacts both internal and external validity of findings
A factor in evaluating the quality of the sample - 7What is a sample size?• Helps determine the quality of the sample size
• Refers to the number of cases the sample contains NOT the percent of the pop or sampling frame that it contains - 8What is sampling error?-difference that occurs naturally when a sample is drawn from a population or sampling frame
-Can make variables appear to be related when they aren’t or hide true relationships - 9what is sampling bias?-Can be an intentional or unintentional systematic distortion of a sample
-Contains an overrepresentation of some types of cases and underrepresentation of others
-Can limit the usefulness of the findings/data - 10what causes sampling bias?1. methods used to select the sample
2. when and where the sample was selected - 11What are random assignment and random sampling? what are the differences?Random selection: Selecting cases from the population so that our sample has roughly equivalent to the larger population in relation to our variables of interest
Random assignment: the process of randomly assigning the cases to subgroups after they are selected for your sample - 12What are the two categories of sampling methods?1. probability sampling
2. non-probability sampling - 13what is the difference between statistics and parameters?1) Statistic: describe the distribution of variables within samples
2) Parameters: the distribution of variables within populations
-In quantitative studies, we collect stats from our sample that we hope will provide a good estimate of the parameters of the same variables within the population - 14List the types of probability sampling1. simple random sampling
2. systematic random sampling
3. stratified random sampling
4. proportionate stratified random sampling
5. disproportionate stratified random sampling
6. cluster sampling - 15List types of non-probability sampling1. convenience sampling
2. purposive sampling
3. snowball sampling
4. quota sampling - 16List the two types of quota sampling. .1) Proportional quota sampling: begins with estimating the characteristics of the research population regarding selected variables
2) Nonproportional quota sampling: the nonprobability equivalent of disproportionate stratified sampling - 17what is snowball sampling?-Does not select sample at one point in time but is compiled throughout the research progresses
-One or a few people are identified and then asked to provide names of people they know who have experienced a problem or some other criterion
-Then contacted to determine if they are eligible - 18What is purposive sampling? Cases provide them access to unique approach to a problem or situation or special perspective that they wish to understand
More likely to help us describe the wide variety - 19What are the three subtypes of purposive sampling?1. expert sampling: selects cases on the basis of the criterion that they have a certain desired expertise
2. model instance sampling: group who are “typical” in some way
ex. Individuals who might use the proposed programs services to collect their opinions and how to best market program
3. Deviant case sampling: seek most atypical cases - 20What is convenience sampling? Selecting cases for study primarily because they happen to be readily accessible to the researcher
Not at all random, people interviewed were all in the same shopping mall etc based on convenience - 21When would you use non-probability sampling?1. unable to compile a population or sampling frame from which to randomly select the sample or
2. has decided that representativeness is less important to sample composition than one or more other characteristic - 22What are the problems with non-probability sampling?-some cases will have a greater likelihood of being selected than others
-not possible to calculate the likelihood that given person or element will be selected
-Cannot estimate how much sampling error a sample contains - 23what is cluster sampling?-Used in a large scale surveys or studies that involve cases that are geographically distant from each other
-Identify clusters of cases, then would randomly select a predetermined number of clusters, then all cases within each of the selected clusters is selected to constitute the research sample - 24What is simple random sampling:-randomly selecting a predetermined number of cases from the population
Example:
-if we wanted to select 25 people
-from a sampling frame of 100 we could write each person name on an individual 3 by 5 card and then randomly select 25 cards from a container
-all cards had an equal probability of being selected - 25Criteria for Good Measurement Reliability
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- Karteikarten am Research Test Two , erstellt von n sans am 11/11/2019.
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