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Forensic studies
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- 1Crowe 1974THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Biological - Genetic
50% if biological mum was a criminal, only 5% if she wasn't - 2Kendler et al., 2014THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Biological - Genetic
Heritability accounts for 30-50% of variance in offending - 3Pillmann et al., 1999THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Biological - Neuropsychology
Abnormal brain EEG for violent offenders - 4Fazel et al., 2011THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Biological - Neuropsychology
Brain injury almost double violent crimes - 5Huesmann et al., 2003THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Social psychology - Media
More TV meant more likely
to be aggressive in adulthood - 6Bartels et al., 2009THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Individual differences
When IQ declines the prevalence of violent crimes increases - 7Cullen et al., 1997THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Individual differences
Weak correlation between IQ and criminality - 8Oleson & Chappell, 2012THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Individual differences
More high IQ in violent offenders than control group - 9MacDonald 1963THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Killers
Triad for serial killers - 10Walklate, 2012THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Victims
Victim characteristics: class, gender, age, ethnicity - 11Brewing & Holmes, 2003THEORETICAL APPROACHES
PTSD
Explain PTSD by conditioning - 12Pennebaker & Chung, 2007THEORETICAL APPROACHES
PTSD
Treat PTSD with structured trauma writing - 13Ekman & O'Sullivan 1991DETECTING DECEPTION
Videos with lying --> only secret service better than chance (64%) - 14Bond & DePauloDETECTING DECEPTION
Meta-analysis showing that overall people are about 54% accurate at detecing lies - 15Global Deception Research Team 2006DETECTING DECEPTION
75/63 countries: what people use to signpost lying - 16DePaulo et al., 2003DETECTING DECEPTION
Meta-analysis found no consistent reliable indicators of deception - 17John E. Reid 1947DETECTING DECEPTION
Control question test - polygraph - 18David Lykken 1959DETECTING DECEPTION
Concealed information test - polygraph - 19Spence et al., 2001DETECTING DECEPTION
Neuroimaging study that found PFC activation for lying related to response inhibition - 20Meijer et al., 2016DETECTING DECEPTION
Issues with detecting deception in neuroimaging studies - 21DePaulo et al., 2003DETECTING DECEPTION
Meta-analysis
Most non-verbal cues not related to deception - 22Vrij 2019, Vrij et al. 2019DETECTING DECEPTION
Weak and unreliable
non-verbal cues + everyone
tries to suppress nervousness
A) Interview techniques - 23Mann et al., 2012DETECTING DECEPTION
Interview in airport
Deliberate eye contact to A)
convince and B) monitor reactions.
Reliable indicator d=.49 - 24Mann et al., 2013DETECTING DECEPTION
Mock crime
Deliberate eye contact. d=.74 - 25Porter & Ten Brinke 2008DETECTING DECEPTION
Microexpressions ccurred only in 2% of clips and in both conditions - 26Hartwig et al., 2007DETECTING DECEPTION
Briefcase in shop crime
Liars use different verbal strategies
Half of interviewees SUE and half not:
SUE=85.4% detection accuracy vs 56.1% - 27Van Koppen & Lochun 1997EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Descriptors in testimony
95% determined sex with 100% accuracy; 70% reported height witgh 52% accuracy; then age, build type, hair colour - 28Chabris et al., 2011EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Encoding: chasing a jogger and passing a fight, night 35%, day 65%, high load 42%, low load 72% - 29Fawcett et al., 2016EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Encoding: weapon focus, mediated by expectation, context and familiarity - 30Morgan et al., 2004EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Encoding and trauma: emulating interrogation as prisoner of war; 30% high stress line up, 62% low stress line up; 34% high stress photo, 76% low stress photo - 31Loftus 2005EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Retention: misinformation effect (more for long delay, children and elderly) - 32Eisen et al., 2017EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Retention: memory conformity (plausibility, retention period, unique feature, co-witness characteristics) - 33Wetmore et al., 2015EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Retrieval: immediate and delayed line up better than immediate show up (line up over show up and minimise retention period) - 34Manley et al., 2018EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Retrieval: Where partial or masked face was encoded, identification was more accurate when lineup mirrored encoding conditions - 35Kaasa et al., 2013EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Retrieval: suggestibility; 17% suggestibility, 39% false accusation; 27% complaint after denying wrongdoing - 36Loney & Cutler 2016EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Retrieval: cognitive interview (increased recall) over Reid technique (increased false testimony)
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- Forensic Psychology Karteikarten am Forensic studies, erstellt von Isobel Dawson am 31/03/2020.
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- Isobel Dawson
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