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- 1What are the 4 stages of the pre-verbal stage?1. Vegetative
2. Cooing
3. Babbling
4. Proto-words - 2Describe the vegetative stage (age included).Sounds of discomfort or reflexive actions.
0-4 months old. - 3Describe the cooing stage (age included).Comfort sounds and vocal play using open-mouthed vowel sounds.
4-7 months. - 4Describe the babbling stage (age included).Repeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds.
6-12 months. - 5Describe the proto-words stage (age included).Word-like vocalisations, not matching actual words but used consistently for the same meaning, also known as 'scribble talk'.
9-12 months, - 6What are the 4 stages of lexical an grammatical development?1. Holophrastic / One word
2. Two Word
3. Telegraphic
4. Post telegraphic - 7Describe the holophrastic / one word stage? (age included)One-word utterances.
12-18. - 8Describe the two word stage (age included).Two word combinantions.
18-24 months. - 9Describe the telegraphic stage (age included)Three and more words combined.
24-36 months. - 10Describe the post telegraphic stage (age included).More grammatically complex combinations.
36+ months. - 11What are the 7 types early phonological errors?1. Deletion
2. Substitution
3. Addition
4. Assimilation
5. Reduplication
6. Consonant cluster reductions
7. Deletion of unstressed syllables - 12Explain what deletion is, and give an example.Omitting the final consonant in words.
E.g. Do(g), Cu(p) - 13Explain what substitution is and give an example.Substituting one sound for another (especially the 'harder' sounds that develop late)
E.g. 'Pip' instead of 'Ship'. - 14Explain what addition is and give an example.Adding an extra vowel sound to the ends of words, creating a CVCV pattern.
E.g. 'Doggie'. - 15Explain what assimilation is and give an example.Changing one consonant or vowel for another ( as in the early plosive sounds 'd' and 'b').
E.g. 'Gog' instead of 'Dog'. - 16Explain what reduplication is and give an example.Repeating a while syllable.
E.g. 'Dada' and 'Mama' - 17Explain what consonant cluster reductions is and give an example.Consonant clusters can be difficult to articulate, so children reduce them to smaller units.
E.g. 'Pider' instead of 'Spider' - 18What are the 4 stages of Piaget's stages of children's linguistic development?1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational - 19What are the key elements to the sensorimotor stage, and what age group does it apply to?The child experiences the world through their senses and classifies what they see. Lexical choices, when they appear, tend to be concrete rather than abstract.
Applies to ages up 2. - 20What are the key elements to the pre-operational stage, and what age group does it apply to?Language and motor skills develop and become more competent. Language is egocentric - either focused on the child or used by the child when no one is around.
This applies to 2-7 year olds. - 21What are the key elements to the concrete operational stage, and what age group does it apply to?Children begin thinking logically about concrete events.
This applies to 7-11olds. - 22What are the key elements to the formal operational stage, and what age group does it apply to?Abstract reasoning skills develop.
This applies to 11+ year olds. - 23What are the 2 areas of grammar?Syntax and Morphology.
- 24What do syntactical advances allow children to do when learning to speak?1. Order words into phrases and clauses
2. Make different types of utterances for different functions apart from declarative. - 25What do morphological advances allow children to do?1. Add inflections to the words creating tense, marking distinctions between adjectives, showing possession and making plurals.
2. Experiment with language by adding prefixes and suffixes to make up words and to convert words from one word class to another. - 26What is inflectional morphology?The alteration of words to make new grammatical forms.
- 27What is derivational morphology?The creating of new words by adding prefixes and suffixes.
- 28What is mean length utterance (MLU)?A measure of children's ability to produce stretches of language; the number of morphemes is divided by the total number of utterances to find the average length. A higher MLU is taken to indicate a higher level of language proficiency.
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- Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von SecondNameJones am 16/03/2015.
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