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Untitled_1

Chris Miller west civ Englisch 82 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (82)

  1. 1"rebirth" (renaissance)The idea that europe had been sleeping for the past 1000 years. Highly contested in modern times.
  2. 2Jacob BurckhardtStarted the renaissance. Gave the idea of the Italian renaissance.
  3. 3Italian period of city-statesPapacy v. Naples v. Genoa v. Florence.
    Venice was one of the most powerful by trading in Adriatic/black sea. Papacy was very powerful- organized fleets.
  4. 4Medici FamilyPowerful family in Italy. Many members became popes. Popes were frequently assassinated.
  5. 5PetrarchPoet,historian. Had optimistic views of the future. Thought the world had just came out of a dark age.
  6. 6Giovanni Pico della MirandolaBelieved that all insights of western civilizations could be woven into a single coherent system of thought. proposed 900 theses that the pope found 13 as heresy. Celebrated human potential and excellency.
  7. 7The Prince - Machiavellia ruler should allow nothing (religion,morality,law,conscience) to stand in the way of the pursuit of power. nothing matters more than maintaining order.
  8. 8Thomas Morewriter that criticized europeans for not being rational. Utopians behaved completely rationally showing the contrast between them and More's contemporaries.
  9. 9humanismbelieved that a fully developed human was a multifaceted individual who was interested in everything and able to do all things well.
  10. 10The divine comedy - Dante AlighieriVirgil stands for reason that does not require scripture or revelation to make laws that enforce justice but cannot grasp divine grace.
  11. 11Hanseatic leagueAfter the death of Frederick II, hundreds of political entities enjoyed independence. This was a pol. org. that emerged from cities uniting. formed a monopoly over Baltic and North sea commerce.
  12. 12Albrecht Durerengraving artist that took an interest in the printing press. First major artist to have his works available for an affordable price
  13. 13Johannes Gutenberg press1455.
  14. 14Modern Devotionrevival of the bible and church in northern renaissance
  15. 15Brethren of the common lifeknown for their training in the ancient languages in order to better understand civilization of ancient rome and greece.
  16. 16Erasmusmost prominent northern humanist. believed masses should read the bible. one of his most popular books, praise of the folly, targeted clergy.
  17. 17ottomans take Constantinople (1453)described as the end of medieval period. Sent greek scholars into Italy. Trade still went on with the now Istanbul and Europe.
  18. 18(1355) cutting off italian city statesottomans owned the passage between the Adriatic and black sea.
  19. 19Bursa (1326)first ottoman capital. taken by Orhan I
  20. 20Mehmed I (1413 -1421)took control of ottoman empire after Timur killed Bayezid I
  21. 21Battle of Kosovoserbian nobility is wiped out
  22. 22Eponymiusthey named the ottoman empire after osman
  23. 23Bayezid I (the lightning bolt)taken prisoner in the battle of ankara
  24. 24Battle of Varnaopens up hungary
  25. 25Timar systemprojected wealth from conquered territories were distributed via land grants to the Sipahis
  26. 26Ghulamyoung servant/slaves of ottoman empire
  27. 27Devşirmethe practice by which the ottomans took christian boys and converted them to islam
  28. 28harempolygamy household
  29. 29palace schoolschool that educated ottoman empire's governing elite
  30. 30men of the sword and men of the penmajor ethnic groups of safavid state. Of the sword were classical islams who military brought them to power. of the pen were bureaucratic and religious population
  31. 31crown vs mobilityprivileged subjects of the crown that led political and military roles to keep order. monopolized leadership in the church
  32. 32bureaucratic, military, and centralized gov. growththe wars of religions changed small european govs. into large centralized ones with increased spending on soldiers and employment of many bureaucrats. Nobles lost portions of autonomy
  33. 33King james IIn 'the true law of free monarchs' he insisted that God chose them as monarchs and that they only had to answer to God alone- even if they broke gods law.
  34. 34Henry IVEdict of Nantes granted toleration to french protestants
  35. 35Louis XIIICardinal Richelieu was appointed to govern for the young king. he curbed political autonomy of huguenots. Louis' mother, marie de medici, acted as a regent until he came of age.
  36. 36Louis XIVCardinal Mazarin was appointed to administer affairs in the kings young age. Fronde rebellions emerged after the parlement and parisian nobility refused to pay a new round of taxes. revoked edict of nantes. chose sun kind because it evokes apollo, god of art and peace, and symbolizes life giver. l'etat c'est moi = "i am the state"
  37. 37Charles IA clash with puritan members of Parliament made him dissolve the house. civil war erupted between puritan forces and the monarchy when charles tried unsuccessfully to impose the church of england's prayer book on the scottish presb. church. Was defeated and executed.
  38. 38Oliver cromwellskilled military leader of the puritan forces that defeated and executed king charles I. Ruled with heavy hand over the semi-republic protectorate. puritans were unable to institute meaningful political reform and cromwell emerged as a de facto military dictator leading to a restoration of the monarchy.
  39. 39King charles IIproblems were still unresolved about the role of the crown and the parliament after the civil war. he was a realist who understood the role of the parliament in the kingdoms politics. Was unwilling to call for religious toleration for the minority of roman catholics.
  40. 40William and Mary"golorious revolution" Protestant Mary and her husband william invade England in the name of protestantism after King James II attempted to impose roman catholicism on England.
  41. 41Queen annebecame queen after King William died. favored those who held same anglican views. dismissed many whigs from office in 1710
  42. 42Elector Frederick Williambuilt a strong and discipline Prussian military capable of uniting their disparate lands
  43. 43"an army with a state"due to the size of the army in contrast with the total population, Prussia was referred to that
  44. 44Ivan the terriblegrand Prince of moscow and tsar of all the Russias. managed countless changes in progression from a medieval state to an empire . reigned (1547-1584)
  45. 45the times of troublesyears of interregnum between the death of the last tsar and the beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1/3 of the population died from a famine
  46. 46indulgencedispensation for the need to do penance for one's sins. although God forgave the guilt of sin, sinners still owed compensation for the moral damaged caused by it.
  47. 47John Tetzeldevised a marketing campaign to sell indulgences. organized banners and parades and even had a slogan. Luther believed he was a fraud and was endangering souls. Also thought it was his duty as a pastor to expose Tetzel
  48. 48treasury of meritPope claimed the church possessed a infinite "treasury of merit" , a vast spiritual reservoir of grace, that it could draw on to pay the debts of individual sinners
  49. 49john tetzeldevised marketing campaign to sell indulgences. Luther believed that what he was doing was fraudulent and endangering souls. Reason for writing 95 theses.
  50. 5095 thesesWittenberg church. in latin - not for populace. began to hurt sale of indulgences but luther was put under protection by frederick the wise of saxony.
  51. 51Protestant principlessalvation is by faith alone. bible is primary authority. every christian has a direct relationship with god and does not depend on the church.
  52. 52Diet of Wormsstated the Protestant principles and was taken off into hiding by Frederick the wise. his principles implied that ordinary people should have bibles to read for themselves.
  53. 53Peasant Rebellionsprung out of Germany. Peasants wanted abolition of serfdom and burdensome taxes along with the right to pick their own clergy. Thomas Muntzer claimed the holy spirit could reveal truths to simple people and urged leaders "inspired by god" to seize towns. put down once troops returned from Italy
  54. 54Martin Lutherinstinctually conservative. feared disorder. filled void of leadership he created by endorsing a government controlled state church. Turned against Jews who he once had hoped would appeal to his new form of christianity.
  55. 55"against the robbing and murdering hordes of peasants'urged german nobles to "smite, slay, and stab" the peasant claiming that nothing is more "devilish than a rebellious man". god created princes to maintain order.
  56. 56Schmalkaldic League vs. Catholic Leaguelutheran states vs. Charles of Germany. Charles defeated lutherans but catholic France helped them recover. neither france nor lutherans wanted a united germany
  57. 57Ulrich Zwingliswiss reformer that had radical reformation views. wanted to wipe out all that was not directly mentioned in scripture. Luther disagreed and in doing so hampered the unification of the two protestants camps.
    Said Eucharist was only a symbol, not a sacrament
  58. 58Swiss Brethren/ Anabaptiststook Zwingli's views even more radically and believed in baptism at adulthood, polygamy and communal ownership of property. Took city of Munster and purged it of everyone not their faith. City took back by lutherans and catholics and they retreated off to where they could live alone. Mennonites, Hutterites and amish emigrated to america and established communities in what they thought was the godly way of life.
  59. 59John Calvinfate was predestined. humans were captive to sin and lost unless god intervened. made logical arguments for protestants to use.
  60. 60protestant work ethicif people know the decision has already been made, they will desperately want to know what the decision is. the desire to be saved encouraged calvinists to be disciplined and introspective
  61. 61Michael Servetusburned at the stake by order of the geneva governing council
  62. 62John knoxfounder of the presbyterian church. gained experience and knowledge from calvin while in geneva and created a new order of service that the reformed church of scotland adopted
  63. 63council of trentresponsible for defining and practice of post reformation catholic church. relied on society of jesus for implementing catholic reform.
  64. 64affirmation of ecclesiastical interpretationfaith was based not only on scripture but traditions of the church. rejected that salvation was by faith alone and asserted importance of good works
  65. 65ignatius loyolajesuit founder
  66. 66catholic reformation/ counter reformationreaction to the rise of protestantism. patronage of the arts. aimed to bestow the majesty on the papacy
  67. 67act of supremacysevered ties with england and the papacy after Henry VIII could not bear a son and needed to remarry
  68. 68anglican churchnot meant to deviate from its predecessor the roman catholic church. meant to be nationalized by henry v111
  69. 69st. bartholomew's day massacreafter a mrraige that was supposed to unite protestants and catholics, an attempted assassination led the crown to carry out a large massacre of protestants. poisoned relations between protestants and catholics
  70. 70peace of Augsburgpeace between protestants and catholics in germany
  71. 71peace of westphaliapeace after the 30 years war that germany would remain a collection of hundreds of tiny states.
  72. 7230 years warwar between catholics (many recruited by jesuits), calvinists ( frederick IV) protestant union vs. catholic league.
  73. 73aristotelianism ptolemaicearth is center of universe. there is a fifth element, quintessence, that informed the laws of motion. large part of physical creation forever beyond human understanding.
  74. 74Johannes Keplerplanets moved in ellipses not perfect circles
  75. 75galileoconfirmed heliocentric theory with telescope and mathematics. introduced law of inertia
  76. 76isaac newtoncalculus. gravity. Newton’s Three Laws of Motion: Inertia, Acceleration, Action/Reaction
  77. 77francis baconmethod of inquiry based on careful collection and observation of empirical date with collaborative work and peer criticism
  78. 78descartesmethod of inquiry called skepticism.universe was an analogous machine that operate on inflexible principles
  79. 79paracelsusexperimented with chemicals to cure common illnesses.
  80. 80Vesaliussurgeon who called for rigorous anatomical investigation
  81. 81boyleeverything in the material world consists of tiny particles that behave in a predictable way.
  82. 82giordano brunodeclared there were innumerable in what amounted to an infinite universe. burned at stake for ideas

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west civ Karteikarten am Untitled_1, erstellt von Chris Miller am 30/09/2013.
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Chris Miller
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