Karteikarten
5: Learning and memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (10)
- 1Non-associative (na)- Habituation – the decrease in response to a benign stimulus through repeated presentation of the stimulus.
- Sensitisation – an enhanced response to multiple different stimuli after presentation with a noxious or intense stimulus. - 2Associative - the association between two stimuli is learned.Classical conditioning: In Pavlov’s paradigm the food, which elicits a salivation response, is the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) and the bell is the Conditioned Stimulus (CS).
- 3Short term memory lasts minutes and involves covalent modifications of pre-existing proteins at the synapse by kinases. Intermediate term memory last hours and involves new protein synthesis (but not mRNA synthesis).Long term memory lasts days, weeks or more and requires CREB-mediated gene expression, and new mRNA and protein synthesis.
- 4The Aplysia (water snail) nervous system – sensitisation (a learned fear response)tactile stimulus detected by syphon and sensory neuron (sn) 1 releases glutamate, detected by motor neuron which responds
- if sensitizing stimulus detected by sn 2, serotonin elicits a greater response - 5short and intermediate memory in aplysia1. serotonin by sn
2. adenyl cyclase - cAMP
3. K+ channels close - 6what Results in enhanced glutamate release from sensory neurons.- presynaptic PKA
- presynaptic calcium and CamKII
- presynaptic PKC
- postsynaptic calcium and CamKII
- recruitment of pre- and possibly postsynaptic molecules to new sites. - 7long-term in aplysia- neurotransmitter release and short-term strengthening of synaptic connections
- equilibrium between kinase and phosphatase activities at the synapse
- retrograde transport from the synapse to the nucleus
- activation of nuclear transcription factors
- activity-dependent induction of gene expression - 8continued - chromatin alteration and epigenetic changes in gene expression - synaptic capture of newly synthesized gene products - local protein synthesis at active synapses- synaptic growth and the formation of new synapses
-activation of pre-existing silent synapses
- The location of these events moves from the synapse to the nucleus and then back to the synapse. - 9Molecular mechanisms involved in aversive and appetitive olfactory conditioning in fruitfly - aversive - appetitive- odor-OR, Ach release, Ca2+ influx so activates CaM - adenelyl cyclase so lots of cAMP
- same but les's cAMP - 10xtra. olfactory memory https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiol.00026.2010 (2010)information about the CS constituted by the odor is presented to the MBs by neurons upstream in the olfactory nervous system
(Busto et al., 2010)
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- BIOL 332: Neurobiology Karteikarten am 5: Learning and memory, erstellt von Jumael Zafar am 17/10/2020.
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- Jumael Zafar
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