Karteikarten
GD Cardio Exam
Karten in diesem Stapel (8)
- 1What are possible CV findings in the hands or nails?Tar staining, xanthoma, arachnodactyly, finger clubbing (infective endocarditis, congenital heart defects), Raynaud's phenomenon
- 2What are possible skin changes that may present in a CV exam?Cyanosis, (peripheral/central), pallor, malar flush (mitral stenosis), oedema (congestive heart failure/blockages), easy bruising, scarring.
- 3What are possible findings in or around the eyes in a CV exam?Xanthelasma, diabetic retinopathy, copper wiring (hypertensive arteriosclerosis), corneal arcus (hypercholesterolaemia), Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper deposition possible in heart).
- 4What are possible changes in or around the mouth seen in a CV exam?Central cyanosis, angular stomatitis (anaemia) , high arch palate (Marfan's), poor dental hygiene (infective endocarditis).
- 5What are possible chest findings visible during a CV exam?Pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, visible pulsations, median sternectomy scar (bypass grafts), infraclavicular scar (pacemaker), anterolateral thoracotomy scar (valve)
- 6Describe how you would take a patient's blood pressure.Ask the patient to avoid smoking and drinking caffeine for 30 minutes prior and rest for 5 minutes. The chosen arm should be free of clothing, without a fistula for dialysis. Palpate the brachial artery and position the arm so the artery is level with the heart. Center the inflatable cuff over the artery snugly. Inflate the cuff until the pulse is no longer palpable: add 30mmHg and rapidly deflate. Place the stethoscope bell over the artery and inflate to previous level: release by 2mmHg per second until first sound heard (systole) until sound disappears (diastole).
- 7What are normal blood pressure levels? What can cause irregularities?120/80 is normal:120-139/80-89 is pre hypertensive:140-159/90-99 is stage 1 hypertensive:>160/>100 is stage 2 hypertensive.
Orthostatic hypotension is common in old patients (drop of 20 systole). Asymmetry is seen in subclavian steal syndrome. Surgery, muscle tightness, thoracic outlet or aortic dissection. - 8—
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- Karteikarten am GD Cardio Exam, erstellt von Jack Carney am 26/11/2020.
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