Karteikarten
BIOM1052 - Skin
Karten in diesem Stapel (43)
- 1What are the five levels of organisation in an organism?1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Body system - 2What are the four tissue types?Epithelia, connective tissue, muscle and neural
- 3Where is epithelia tissue found?On the external surface of the body, the lining of internal surfaces and glands.
- 4Where is connective tissue found?- Bones
- Cartilage
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Adipose tissue
- Blood
- Connective tissue proper - 5What are the three main types of muscle tissue?Cardiac, skeletal and smooth
- 6Where is neural tissue found?In neurons and glia cells
- 7Describe the anterior and posterior directions.
- 8Describe the superior and inferior directions.
- 9Describe the medial and lateral directions.
- 10Describe the proximal and distal directions.
- 11Describe the superficial and deep directions.
- 12What are the three main functions of the ventral body cavities?- Provides protection
- Allows organ movement
- Lining prevents friction - 13What is the thoracic cavity composed of?- Right pleural lung
- Left pleural lung
- Mediastinum - 14What does the mediastinum contain?- Trachea, esophagus, major blood vessel
- Pericardial cavity - surrounds heart - 15What is the abdominopelvic cavity composed of?Peritoneal cavity
- 16What does the peritoneal cavity contain?Abdominal cavity - digestive glands and organs
Pelvic cavity - bladder, reproductive organs, lower digestive tract - 17What are the six main functions of the skin?- Protection
- Water balance
- Temperature regulation
- Immune function
- Sensation
- Metabolism - 18What are the two things the integumentary system covers?The skin and epidermal derivatives
- 19What are the three layers of the skin?Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
- 20What are the three main epidermal derivatives?Hair, nails and glands
- 21How is the epidermis described?As a stratified squamous epithelium (multiple layers of squashed epithelium)
- 22Where is thin and thick epidermis found?Thin - most of body
Thick - soles of feet, palms of hands, hairless - 23Describe the stratum basaleDeepest epidermal layer, single layer of cells that sits on the basement membrane.
- 24What three cells are found in the stratum basale?Keratinocytes - epithelial cells (basal keratinocytes are stem cells)
Melanocytes - produce and store melanin
Tactile (merkel) cells - sensory receptors, hairless skin - 25How do melanocytes transfer melanin?Melanocytes produce melanin which are packaged in vesicles (melanosomes) and are transferred to surrounding keratinocytes.
- 26What is the purpose of melanin in skin?Protects DNA in cells from UV radiation
- 27Describe the stratum spinosum.It is an area of 8 - 10 layers of keratinocytes that are from the stem cells in the stratum basale. They are joined by desmosomes that look prickly when dehydrated.
- 28Describe the stratum ganulosum.A section of 3 - 5 layers of grainy keratinocytes and at this stage cells stop dividing and produce lots of keratin, a structural protein.
- 29Describe the stratum lucidum.It is a clear layer of cells only present in thick skin. They are flat keratinocytes with no nucleus.
- 30Describe the stratum corneum.This is a thick layer of flat, dead keratinocytes and provides a water resistant barrier. It is 15 - 30 layers and cells are keratinized, full of keratin and no nucleus.
- 31What are the three layers of the dermis?- Connective tissue
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer - 32Describe the papillary layer.It forms a dermal papillae that interlocks with epidermal ridges which strengthens attachment. It contains sensory nerve endings and capillaries for gas and nutrient exchange.
- 33Describe the reticular layer.Mesh work of thick collagen and elastic fibres which contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and glands.
- 34Describe the hypodermis.Holds integument to underlying tissue and permits movement of skin, this is the location of subcutaneous fat.
- 35Where is hair located?Everywhere except palms, soles, lips and some external genitalia.
- 36Where is hair produced?In hair follicles
- 37Describe the process of hair growth.Growth starts at the hair bulb which is the base of the hair follicle. Hair papilla (connective tissue) contains blood vessels that provides nutrients and chemical signals for epithelial cell growth. Epithelial cells divide and push upwards becoming keratinized (hard and dead).
- 38Describe the arrector pili in the hair follicle?The smooth muscle causes goosebumps when cold.
- 39What senses hair movement?Root hair plexus
- 40What are the different modes of secretion and describe them.Merocrine - exocytosis
Apocrine - released in vesicles, take some of cell membrane
Holocrine - cells burst - 41Describe sebaceous glands.Associated with hair follicles, release sebum via holocrine excretion.
- 42Describe merocrine glands.Merocrine secretion which produces sweat on the skin surface.
- 43Describe apocrine glands.Merocrine secretion into hair follicles which attract bacteria (odour).
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- Karteikarten am BIOM1052 - Skin, erstellt von Zoe Thomas am 02/08/2015.
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- Zoe Thomas
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