Karteikarten
1002PSY "INTELLIGENCE"
Karten in diesem Stapel (33)
- 1Speed of ProcessingProcessing speed is an important aspect of intelligence and a strong correlate of IQ.
- 2Analytical intelligenceReflects the ability to put together the mental processing 'components' needed when applying intelligence to a problem normally measured on an IQ test, and it is needed for success in an academic setting
(Part of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence) - 3Creative intelligenceIs the ability to come up with new idea and novel solutions to problems. This component requires the ability to judge what approach is going to be the most effective in differing situations. (Part of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence)
- 4CreativityThe ability to produced valued outcomes in a novel way. creativity is moderately correlated with intelligence.
- 5Crystallised intelligenceRefers to people's store of knowledge, such as vocabulary and general world knowledge. Is part of the "Gf-Gc" theory
- 6Culture fair testUsing only those items that would measure skills and knowledge common across cultures. These tests had limited success, as the reality is that cultural influences can never be effectively removed.
- 7Culture free testIQ test that tries to eliminate cultural anomalies. The aim with these tests was to strip away items in which cultural differences could affect performance.
- 8Divergent thinkingThe ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation, such as describing all possible uses of a paper clip. Researchers have used divergent thinking in an attempt to measure creativity.
- 9Emotional intelligenceThe ability to read people's emotions and use one's own emotional responses adaptively. Is part of current multifactor theories of intelligence.
- 10Factor analysisIs the primary tool of the psychometric approach. Factor analysis is a statistical procedure for identifying common elements, or 'factors', that underlie performance across a set of tasks. Using factor analysis researchers set up a table, or matrix, that shows how scores on tests of different abilities correlate with one another.
- 11FactorsIs what is identified in factor analysis. Factors are common elements, that underlie performance across a set of tasks.
- 12Fluid intelligenceRefers to intellectual capacities that have no specific content but are used in processing information and approaching novel problems, such as the ability to draw inferences, find analogies or recognise patterns. Like crystallised intelligence, fluid intelligence is also a part of the "Gf-Gc" theory.
- 13Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)Mothers who seriously abuse alcohol during pregnancy, particularly during the first trimester, may give birth to babies with FAS. FAS babies have malformations of the nose and eyes, together with a restricted intelligence and an agitated personality.
- 14g-factorIs part of Spearman's "two-factor theory". Spearman called the first factor the "g-factor", or general intelligence. Children with the highest academic ranking tended to score well on arithmetical ability, general knowledge and vocabulary, suggesting a general intelligence factor.
- 15Gf-Gc theoryDistinguishes two general intelligence factors - 'fluid intelligence' and 'crystallised intelligence' - and seven more specific factors. Many would argue that this is the most robust psychometric model of intelligence.
- 16GiftedAt the right end of the bell-shaped distribution of intelligence are people classified as 'gifted', or exceptionally talented. Like definitions of intelligence, definitions of giftedness depend on whatever skills or talents a society lables as gifts. In the West, giftedness is often equated with an IQ exceeding 130, although common defintions extend to other forms of talent, such as social, musical or athletical ability.
- 17Intellectual impairmentRefers to significantly below average general intellectual functioning (IQ less than 70), with deficits in adaptive functioning that are first evident in childhood and appear in more than one realm, such as communicating with others, living autonomously, interacting socially, functioning at school or work, and maintaining safety and health.
- 18IntelligenceRefers to the application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or culture. Intelligence is multifaceted and functional, directed at problems of adaptation. It is also to some extent culturally shaped and culturally defined.
- 19Intelligence quotient (IQ)A score meant to quantify intellectual functioning to allow comparison among individuals. Intelligence quotient comes from Lewis Terman's revision of Binet's intelligence test.
- 20Intelligence testsAre measures designed to assess an individual's level of cognitive abilities compared to other people in a population.
- 21Knowledge baseThe information stored in long-term memory. Differences in knowledge base include the amount of knowledge, the way it is organised, and its accessibility.
- 22Mental age (MA)Was introduced by Binet and Simon. Mental age is the average at which children achieve a particular score. A child with a chronological (or actual) age of five who can answer questions at a seven-year-old level has a mental age of seven.
- 23Practical intelligenceIs also part of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. Practical intelligence is the ability to deal with everyday problems and find practical, commonsense solutions. This component of intelligence reflects the ability to adapt to new situations and different tasks, and to quickly learn automatic responses to these novel problems.
- 24Psychometric approachIs an approach to intelligence that tries to identify groups of items in a test that correlate highly with one another in order to discover underlying skills or abilities. If participants perform multiple tasks, strong performance on some tasks is likely to predict strong performance on others. For example, people with good vocabularies tend to have strong verbal reasoning skills.
- 25Psychometric instrumentsTests that quantify psychological attributes such as personality traits or intellectual abilities - to see how people differ from and compare with each other on psychological 'scales'.
- 26Savant syndromePeople with savant syndrome have low overall intelligence but an extaordinary talent in one particular realm of ability. These abilities are often thought of as right-brained strengths, such as music and art. Is more common in males, suggesting that the disorder is linked to the Y chromosome.
- 27s-factorAccording to Spearman, s-factors reveal specific abilities unique to certain tests or shared only by a subset of tests. 'S' for specific. Individuals vary in overall intellectual ability (the g-factor), but some people are better at mathematical tasks and others are better at verbal tasks (s-factors).
- 28TeratogenA harmful environmental agent that can cause malformation or death of a foetus. Alcohol is a teratogen.
- 29Theory of multiple intelligencesGardner's theory of multiple intelligences identifies seven intelligences: musical, bodily/kinaesthetic (control over the body and movement), spatial (the use of mental maps), linguistic or verbal, logical/mathematical, intrapersonal (self-understanding) and interpersonal (social skills). Gardner later added naturalistic and (possible) spiritual/existential intelligence to his theory.
- 30Triarchic theory of intelligenceSternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence identifies three types of intelligence: Analytical, creative and practical intelligence.
- 31Two-factor theory of intelligenceSpearman's two-factor theory of intelligene distinguishes two types of factors - general and specific (g-factor and s-factor).
- 32WAIS-IVIs the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, fourth edition, which is the latest rendition.
- 33WISC-IVIs the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition. IQ in this test and the WAIS-IV is derived from a number of subtests, which largely attempt to measure four index scales: verbal comprehension, preceptual reasoning, WM and processing speed.
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- Karteikarten am 1002PSY "INTELLIGENCE", erstellt von max.heselicht am 27/08/2015.
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