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Karteikarten

Geology Earth Science

Madeleine Science Englisch 41 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (41)

  1. 1What is the outer most layer of the earth? Describe it.The Crust - relatively thin and rocky. Solid.
  2. 2What is the second outer most layer of the earth? Describe it.The mantle - Properties of a solid but can flow very slowly.
  3. 3What is the Lithosphere made up of?The lithosphere consists of the crust and outer part of the mantle. It is the relatively cold part of the earth's structure.
  4. 4What is the inner core made from and where is it in the earth's structure?Made from solid nickel and iron. It is the inner most layer of the earth's structure.
  5. 5Where does the outer core sit in the earth's structure and what is it made from?The outer core is the second inner most layer of the earth's crust. It is made from liquid nickel and iron.
  6. 6What is the earth's lithosphere broken into? Describe them.Tectonic plates - are less dense than the mantle so are found on top of it. The plates move constantly (a few centimeters each year).
  7. 7What causes the tectonic plates to move?Convection currents in the mantle.
  8. 8What two types of tectonic plates are there?Oceanic plates - occur under the oceans.
    Continental plates - form the continents (land).
  9. 9Where do earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur?Where tectonic plates meet (plate boundaries) - The earth's crust becomes unstable as the plates push against each other, or ride under or over one another.
  10. 10What is Magma?Magma is molten rock - it is less dense than the crust. It can rise to the surface through weaknesses in the crust forming a volcano.
  11. 11What are the two main shapes that a volcano can be?Shield and Composite volcanoes.
  12. 12What are the three words that describe a volcano based on it's activity?Active - erupts frequently.
    Dormant - temporarily inactive but not fully extinct.
    Extinct - Never likely to erupt again.
  13. 13What are the characteristics of a Shield volcano?- Usually found at constructive or tensional boundaries.
    - Low with gently sloping sides.
    - Formed by eruptions of thin, runny lava.
    - Eruptions frequent but relatively gentle.
  14. 14What are the Characteristics of a Composite volcano?- Made up of alternating layers of lava and ash (Others just consist of Lava).
    - Usually found at destructive or compressional boundaries.
    - The eruptions from these volcanoes may be a pyroclastic flow rather than a lava flow.
  15. 15What is a pyroclastic flow?A pyroclastic flow is a mixture hot steam, ash, rock and dust. It can roll down the sides of a volcano at at very high speeds and with temperatures at over 400 degrees Celsius.
  16. 16How much km3 of material does a super volcano erupt?At least 1,000 km3 (a large volcano erupts around 1 km3).
  17. 17What type of volcano forms a depression, called a caldera (a volcano forms a cone shape)?A super volcano.
  18. 18How often do super volcanoes tend to erupt?Less frequently than other volcanoes - eruptions are hundreds of thousands of years apart.
  19. 19Rocks are made of ______ that fit together.Grains
  20. 20What are the two type of grains?Interlocking and rounded.
  21. 21What is an example of a rock with interlocking grains?Granite
  22. 22What is an example of a rock with rounded grains?Sandstone
  23. 23Rocks with rounded grains are more likely to ______ ______.Absorb water
  24. 24Rocks that absorb water are called ______.Porous
  25. 25What are the three main types of rock?Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic
  26. 26What type of grained rock is softer, more crumbly?Rocks with rounded grains
  27. 27What are the five important stages in the formation of sedimentary rock?Transportation - River carries broken pieces of rock.
    Deposited - the bits of rock settle at the bottom.
    Sedimentation - the rock builds up in layers (called Sediments).
    Compaction - weight of more sediments on top squashes sediments at the bottom.
    Cementation - the water is squeezed out from between the layers rock and crystals and other salts form. The Crystals then form sort of glue.
  28. 28How long does it take sedimentary rock to form?Millions of years
  29. 29What is igneous rock made out of?Molten (liquid) rock called magma cools and solidifies forming igneous rock.
  30. 30Igneous rocks contain randomly arranged interlocking crystals. The size of the crystals depends on how quickly the molten magma solidified. The ______ the magma cools the bigger the crystals.Slower
  31. 31If the magma cools slowly, large crystals form in the rock. This can happen if the magma cools deep underground. Rock that have formed like this are called intrusive igneous rocks. What are 2 examples of this type of rock?Granite and gabbro
  32. 32Can sedimentary rocks contain fossils?Yes - dead animals and other things get trapped between the layers of rock before they are compressed
  33. 33Can igneous rocks contain fossils?No - This is because any fossils in the original rock will have melted when the magma formed.
  34. 34How are metamorphic rocks formed?As the earth moves, rocks are heated and put under great pressure. They do not melt but the minerals that they contain are changed chemically, forming metamorphic rocks.
  35. 35Can metamorphic rocks contain fossils?Yes - if they were formed from a sedimentary rock, but usually the fossils are squished out of shape.
  36. 36What are the three types of weathering?Physical, Chemical and Biological weathering
  37. 37Give as many examples as you can of physical weathering.Temperature, Freezing, Thawing, wind, rain and waves.
  38. 38How can a plant cause biological weathering?The plant's roots can grow in cracks, making them bigger and forcing them open. The rock may eventually fall away.
  39. 39How can an animal cause biological weathering?They can move rocks and other things around, wearing them down as they grind against each other. Animals such as a rabbit can burrow into a crack causing it to become bigger.The rock may eventually fall away.
  40. 40Rain is naturally slightly acidic. What effect could this have on rocks?It may cause a reaction with the minerals in the rock. For limestone or chalk, when this happens new soluble substances are formed which are then washed away.
  41. 41Acid rain is a type of rain that is caused by burning fossil fuels (which produce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide). This causes the rainwater to become more acidic. What effect does this have on our buildings, trees, animals and other things?Acid rain kills trees and fish and also speeds up the weathering of buildings and statues.

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Beschreibung
Science Karteikarten am Geology Earth Science, erstellt von Madeleine am 14/11/2013.
Erstellt von
Madeleine · Nov 2013
Aktualisiert
6 Apr 2018
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48
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