Karteikarten
exam 1
Karten in diesem Stapel (51)
- 1GallopingPublic opinion polling
- 2how do we develop views of police?police encounters, stories from peers, parents, research
- 3scholarly empirical research on policeincreases reliability & validity
decreases Bias effects - 4what are the issues with drawing on personal experiences ?not representative of all police-citizen interactions
- 5Why is the US a "free society"not absolute freedom
government recognizes we have basic human rights i.e freedom of choice, speech, etc. - 6how do police fit into a free society?police are a representation of the governement
police are formal social control agents - 7democracyconsensus, freedom, participation, equality
- 8policeregulation, restriction, & imposition of government authority on the people
- 9are crime rates an effective way to judge police?no, police cannot be everywhere always.
- 10function of policesolve any problem that may require the use of force
- 11do police have the authority to "use force against citizens"?yes, police can use verbal, physical, &/or deadly force
- 124 responsibilities of the police- enforcing laws: seek out and apprehend law-violators
- providing services: to serve & protect (traffic, mental illness)
- preventing crime: assessing police performance
- preserving the peace: discretion - peacekeeping role - 13measurement difficultiespolice performance - crime prevention vs crime reduction
- 14media representation of police- misrepresentation may distort public expectations & beliefs
- dueling media portrayals - 151500s-1700s- increase immigration of European settlers
- early policing in America resembles England approach - 16(1500s-1700s) constables/watchmen- voluntary position,
- tasked with night watch
-service related duties - 171500s-1700s slave patrols- police enslaved persons
-prevent escape, capture runaways - 181500s-1700s sheriff- less populated areas
apprehending criminals
- collecting taxes
- supervising elections - 19early 1800sLondon metropolitan PD
1st organized, modernized force
- sir Robert "bobbie" peel
- crime prevention through foot patrol
- military structure - 20pelican principles- stable
- under government control
- absence of crime best to judge
- distribution of crime news important
- good appearance
- hired on probationary basis
- police records to correct distribution of police strength - 21mid-180sBoston PD
- 1st organized US police service - 22mid 1800s-1920s- patronage or spoils system of political influence
- roles of police
1. law enforcement
2. social service provision
- increase diversity of policing
- use of third degree in interrogations - 23Wickersham commission reportswhy reform PD - increase in brutality, increase in corrupting influence of politics on PD
how to reform- centralized PD administrations, increase personnel standards, increase technology use - 24did the Wickersham hame commission bring about the police professionalization movement?yes
- 251930s-1960spolice professionalization movement
- to decrease political influence, and increase PD oversight
(restructured PD organization, increase technology use, measures of police performance) - 26father of modern law enforcementAugust Vollmer
- 27major proseeking "professionalism" [increase to protect], police neglect to serve the public
- public view police as occupying outside force
- contribute to national turmoil & face of systemic injustice - 28omnibus crime controlincrease federal funding for police-community programs
-shift away from crime-solving
-focus on causes & victims of crime
- police-community partnerships to prevent & control crime - 29violent crime control & law enforcement act- largest crime bill (federal assault weapons ban, violence against women act)
- community-oriented policing (COPS office)
- modest to no effect on crime
- cops policy & funding weak effect on crime - 302001- present- problem-oriented policing (POP)
- intelligence-led policing - 31problem-oriented policing (POP)-id problems, craft PD responses, implement & evaluate
- 32intelligence-led policing- data driven PD practices
- use past crime to predict future crime (hot spots, criminology of place)
-effective in reducing crime
-counterterrorism policing - 33what is bureaucracy?administrative system that governs most large organizations
- 34chain of commandeach officer reports to a supervisor
- 35span of controlnumber of officers a manger is responsible for supervising
- 36bureaucratic police modeladvantages: transformed police by facilitating recruitment & hiring standards, training, supervision
disadvantages: rigid and in inflexible, resistant to change, poor-decision making, data-driven - 37hierarchical structure of police organizationsdepartments are modeled after military
- characterized by levels of command
- higher level of authority as on moves up - 38street-level bureaucratslipsky- policy implementation comes down to street-level people who actually implement it
- 39what is considered the backbone of policing?patrol
- 403 functions of patrol- deter crime
-enhance feelings of community safety
-make officers available for service - 41traffic enforcement-most dangerous task for officers
- 42criminal investigationdetective work & crime scene investigation
- police officers not detective, make the majority of arrests in cases - 43tactical enforcementunite handles high risk situations
- 44youth servicesrelations & investigators involving youth
- school resource officers - 45communicationsdispatch unit, non emergency calls for service
- 46internal affairsinvestigating citizen & internal complaints against/ involving officers
- 47crime analysisanalyze crime
- 48crime prevention vs crime controlprevention: aims to get crime level at 0
control: reduce crime to a lower level - 494 level of law enforcement agencieslocal, county, state, federal
- 50local-maintain county jail & courthouse
- 51statetraffic enforcement on state roads
-police rural/tribal areas
- multi-jurisdictional crime + assist local PD with criminal investigations related to drug trafficking, fraud
- operate crime labs
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- college CJC 203 Karteikarten am exam 1, erstellt von isabelle carvajal am 04/10/2022.
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- isabelle carvajal
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