Karteikarten
L7 - T cell effector functions
Karten in diesem Stapel (43)
- 1what types of CD recpeptors are found on the different types of T cellCD4 = T helper cells
CD8 = cytotoxic cells - 2what is the purpose of clonal expansion of T cells after activation- to quickly produce loads of T cells specific to the pathogen
- before clonal expansion there are very low number of T cells specific to any given pathogen - 3what are the 2 functions of clonal expansion?- make lots of T cells for a pathogen
- activate the effector functions of the T cells against the pathogen - 4where does clonal expansion of T cells happenwherever the T cell comes into contact with the antigen
- 5once active where to T cells go?secondary lymphoid organs like the lymph nodes
- 6what do Active T cells do in the lymph nodes before exciting back into the blood- clonally expand some more
- differentiate - 7what allow for specific migration of T cells to the lymph nodeslymph node homing receptors
- 8what happens to lymph node homing receptors once the T cell has matured?loses the lymph node homing receptor allowing it to leave the lymph node
- 9how can naive T cells be activated within the lymph node- once antigen has been presented to the APC dendritic cells in the lymph nodes they'll present antigen themselves
- the naive T cells bind to the APC's and become active - 10what is are the 3 signalling pathways needed to activate the T cell- binding to the complimentary antigen presented by MHC
- co - signalling
- cytokine signalling from the APC - 11what receptor is used for co-signalling during T cell activationCD - 28
(upregulated by the APC once activated) - 12what are the 2 killing mechanisms used by cytotoxic T cells- granule release
- FAS ligand release - 13explain the granule release mechanism of cytotoxic T cell killing- granules containing perforin punch holes in cell membranes of pathogens
- the holes allow entry of killing molecules into the pathogen - 14explain the FAS ligand mechanism of cytotoxic T cell killing- FAS ligands enter pathogens through the pores created with perforin
- FAS interacts with intracellular signalling pathways causing apoptosis - 15what are the different functins of the 2 helper T cellshelper 1 - involved in controlling bacterial infections
helper 2 - involved in parasitic infections and immune repsonses - 16specifically how does helper 1 T cells aid in bacterial infectionactivate macrophages which phagocytose bacteria
- 17what is the purpose of cytokine activity in activating T cellscauses specific T cell differentiation depending on infection type
(different cytokines depending on infection type) - 18how do dendritic APC cells figure out which infection is present?through TLR receptor binding to ligands which are released from the pathogen
- 19what type of T helper cell differentiation is IL12 involved in?differentiation of naive helper T cells into helper 1 T cells
- 20what is a key function of CD4+ helper T cells?activates macrophages
(so they can respond to intracellular pathogens) - 21what cytokine is used by Helper 1 T cells to activate macrophages?IF gamma
- 22what does IF gamma do to macrophages?- increases expression of MHC (allowing further activation of T cells)
- increases NO production for killing
- maturation of phagolysosomes - 23what molecule is responsible for differentiating niave helper T cells into helper 2 T cellsIL4 cytokine
(released by APC's) - 24what is the function of TH2 cells during infectionpromote activity of basophils, esinophils (granulocytes) to fight parasite infection
- 25what does IL4 do to B cells and why?- promotes production of IGE through isotype switching
- gives specific antibody response for parasites - 26what does IL4 and IL13 do on interintestinal muscoa?causes it to increase muscle peristalsis and mucus secretion to help clear parasite infection
- 27what is the purpose of IL5 during parasite infectionpromote granule release from granulocytes to break down the parasite
- 28how are mast cells activated by B cells?IGE antibody binds to mast cells activating them
- 29how are CD4+ TH2 cells implicated in asthma>- cause unwanted activation of B cells leading to IGE release and mast cell activation
- 30what is the problem with inapropreate mast cell activation during an asthma attack?causes excessive mucous secretion
- 31what can unwanted release of IL4 cause during an asthma attackunwanted muscle spazms in the airways
- 32what is the function of CD4 TH17 cellsenhance neutrophil response and promote barrier integrity during specific infections
- 33what kind of infections are DC4 TH17 involved infungal infections + some bacterial infections
- 34what are TFH cells and what are they involved in- T follicular helper cells
- involved in supporting B cell development - 35what cytokine is involved in differentiation of CD4 TFH cellsIL21
- 36where do TFH cells act mainly?at the germinal centres in secondary lymphoid compartments
- 37what is the purpose of T regs- regulate the immune response preventing over proliferation
- involved in stopping autoimmunity and ending an immune repsonse - 38what are the 2 sources of T regs- can be made specifically in the thymus through positive selection
- can be made in periphery from niave T cells - 39what cytokine causes differentiation into T regs in the peripheryTGF beta
- 40give the methods used by T regs to regulate the immune repsonse- alter APC activation of T cells
- consume cytokines to suppress T cell activation
- secrete supressive cytokines which act ojn T cells - 41what extreme methods can T regs use to slow the immune repsonsecan kill T cells and APCs
- 42how can T regs act on T cells specificallythey remove CD8 and CD6 receptors making them redundant
- 43—
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Year 2 I&I. Karteikarten am L7 - T cell effector functions , erstellt von Jack Rowe am 19/12/2022.
- Erstellt von
- Jack Rowe
- Aufrufe
- 5
- Bewertung
Mehr zu T Cell Subsets and Cell-Mediated Immunity