Karteikarten
integumentary system
Karten in diesem Stapel (82)
- 1what are some parts the integumentary system consists of?hair/fur, quills, vibrissae, feathers, hooves/talons/nails/claws, horns/antlers, scales/scutes, dermal bone, glands, & teeth
- 2what are vibrissaewhiskers
- 3what are scutes, what are some examples?a bony external plate or scale overlaid with horn, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, and the feet of birds
- 4what are the four types of bony fish scales?cosmoid, ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid
- 5do the scales not penetrate or penetrate in bony fishes?don't penetrate
- 6do chondrichtyhes scales penetrate or don't penetrate the epidermis?penetrate
- 7what kind of scales do chondrichtyhes haveplacoid
- 8what are some functions of the integumentary system?protection, hunting/prey capture, respiration, adaptations, streamlining movement, shape, courtship/territorial displays, nourishment of young (mammary glands), chemical signaling, filtering of food (example, baleen whale)
- 9what is the epidermis?the outer layer of skin
- 10what are some of the epidermis' features? include what its made out ofhas glands for mucus secretion, has an outer keratin layer made of protein, cells, and fibers. is callus
- 11what layer does the epidermis form from?ectoderm
- 12what layer does the dermis from from?mesoderm
- 13what can the dermis give rise to?dermal bones
- 14what are the characteristics of the dermis?loosely arranged collagen plus nerves & blood vessels
- 15define plieslayers of collagen fibers that allow for flexibility, strength, and streamlining
- 16define dermal bonein the dermis that is a material of the carapace (shell)
- 17do fish have a keratin layer or not? (there are exceptions to this, list them)they have no keratin layer (usually). exceptions are the oraldisk in lampreys, amphibious fish, and nuptial tubercles
- 18does mucus secret from unicellular or multicellular glands in fish? also list some functions of mucusfrom unicellular, aids in protection & streamlining
- 19what are the 4 scale types?cosmoid scale, ganoid scale, cycloid scale, ctenoid scale
- 20give characteristics of cosmoid scales what fish have these?thick layer of dentin with thin enamel covering. lungfish
- 21give characteristics of the ganoid scales and what fish have themthick enamel-like, without dentin, sturgeon, gar, paddlefish, bichirs
- 22give characteristics of the cycloid scale, what fish have them?rounded edges, concentric rings, no enamel, dentin, or vascular bone. salmon, carp, trout
- 23give characteristics of the ctenoid scales. what fish have them?toothed outer edge (comb). bass & crappie
- 24define what chromatophores do in the dermisthey display true color
- 25list placoid scale characteristicshave a pulp core, then dentin, then enamal, aka dermal denticles
- 26do placoid scales continuously grow?no
- 27stratum corneumouter most layer of epidermis that is the most keratinized
- 28what are the integumentary structures of amphibianscutaneous respiration, mucus glands, and poison glands
- 29cutaneous respirationcapillary beds present to epidermis which aids respiration through skin
- 30true or false: dermal scales are mostly absent in amphibianstrue
- 31describe amphibian anesthesia. how do you prevent pulmonary respiration issues? how do you bring an animal out of this anesthesia?an animal is submerged in a MM2 solution to anesthetize them. addition of oxygen to water and monitoring heart rate and blood o2 levels keep the patient stable. can bring out of state by rinsing animal with clean, room temp water
- 32do reptiles have decreased or increased keratinization when compared to amphibians?increased
- 33define scales/scutes on reptilesof epidermis origin, folds of epidermis, can be scutes if they are large and have a. bone underlying
- 34uropygial glandthe preening gland that secrets oil for the bird to preen itself with
- 35define skin scraping. what direction do you do it for fishes?can be used to take skin samples and screen for parasites, in fish it is done with the flow of the scales
- 36demodicosisgroup of disorders caused by demodex folliculorum
- 37describe the layers of skin burns first through third degree burnfirst: epidermis, second: epidermis and dermis, third: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis/subcutaneous fat
- 38describe how surgical skin flaps may be used in sensitive area wounds such as right below the eye? what complications are there?a skin wound might not be able to be stitched up or else the eye might not be able to close and dry out, so a skin flap surgically removed from another less sensitive area can be taken and then put on the sensitive wound, the lesser sensitive area is then stitched up
- 39—
- 40apeteric tractsfeatherless area in between (for birds)
- 41pterylaefeather tracts (feathered parts of the body of birds)
- 42—
- 43what feather structure do down feathers lack?interlocking barbules (makes them so fluffy!)
- 44when is the rachis of a feather symmetrically positioned and when is it asymmetrically positioned?symmetric when on tail feathers, asymmetrically for flight feathers
- 45what are powder down feathers?feathers that grow continuously and the tips break down into a dust
- 46what feathers are attached to the bone? give each degree of attached to the bones for different typesflight feathers. for primaries they are attached to the manus and secondaries are attached to the ulna
- 47remiges vs retricesremiges: flight feathers on wigs, retrices: flight feathers on tail
- 48catastrophic/synchronous molt (give examples of birds that do this)molt all feather pretty much at the same time. ex -> penguins & anhingas
- 49what are some methods of pigmentation in birds?pigmentation & refraction (colors appears based on angle/refraction of light)
- 50cereskin around a bird's beak
- 51brood patchthe patch of skin on a bird's chest, helps them lay their skin (body temp) on their eggs
- 52explain how reptiles skin reacts to injuries (how does it heal?) how do we do this in surgery?reptile skin inverts when injured, an everting suture pattern is used to close wounds
- 53define arrested molt and its secondary effectsfailure to molt which can cause poor display, infections, bumble foot, and make them stop swimming
- 54what is the cure for arrested molt (although somewhat temporary)melatonin implants
- 55what are some causes of preening gland impaction and what are some treatments?poor diet, little vitamin a, infections, &/or trauma. treatments -> antibiotics, warm compress, &/or surgery
- 56what is pelage?the fur, hair, or wool of a mammal
- 57describe fur & hair and the differencefur: relatively short, densely packed. hari: keratinous strand: has shaft & root
- 58in hair, what skin layer is the epidermal follicle rooted into?the dermis
- 59what are two types of hair. describe themguar hairs -> more visible, coarse, most of pigmentation. undercoat -> more numerous, act as insulation
- 60describe lanolinsebaceous secretion only sheep secrete in their wool
- 61hornskeratinized covering with bone core
- 62what group of animals has true horns? what about true antlers?bovids for horns, cervids for antlers
- 63what animals have horn esque horns? (not true horns). describe their "horns"giraffes & okapi-> ossicones of ossified cartilage/skin
rhino horns -> keratin but no bone - 64what is shed in antlers?skin & the bone core
- 65describe the annual cycle of antlersgrowth (in velvet), then living outer protion dies and is shed, then they have the bony antlers, then those fall off
- 66what are nails, hooves, and claws? describe their differneceskeratinized structures at the ends of digits.
hooves -> support body weight
nails/claws -> emerge from dorsal portion (don't usually support body weight) - 67what are the two types of ungulates?artiodactyl -> even toed
perissodactyl -> odd toed - 68what animal has dermal bones?armadillo
- 69what are quills?modified hairs
- 70what do sebaceous glands do (not always but can be a function in some animals) what are some sebaceous glands?used for waterproofing -> meibomian glands, ear wax glands, lanolin
- 71what are eccrine glands? give an exaplewatery glands not associated with hair follicles.
example -> sweat glands - 72what are apocrine glands? give two examplesglands associated with hair follicles. sweat glands (except for humans), subdermal glands (in hippos) give off "blood sweat"
- 73what are the different types of glands ?scent glands, anal glands, mammary glands, sebaceous, eccrine, and apocrine
- 74what kind of gland is present in all carnivorous animals?anal glands
- 75what forms during dry non-lactating periods in the mammary glands?keratin plug that is the epidermal lining from the streak canal, it plugs up the canal
- 76streak canalteat canal
- 77what are the mammals exceptions that have no teats?echidnas -> have milk patches
dayak fruit bats -> males have functioning mammal glands - 78baleenplates of keratin grown from gums of upper jaw (also called whalebone)
- 79what are 4 common eyelid abnormalitites in dogs? (think meibomian glands)1. meibomia gland tumors (adenoma, or adenocarcinoma)
2. melanomas
3. papillomas
4. chalazion - 80mastisiswhen a keratin plug might not form as well to protect the mammary gland from bad stuff getting into the gland during non lactating periods
- 81onychectomydeclawing (removes distal philange)
- 82antleroma (perruque)antler abnormalities caused by interruption of androgens during velvet phase
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- Beschreibung
- college comparative vertebrate anatomy (exam 1) Karteikarten am integumentary system, erstellt von scout bolick am 04/09/2024.
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- scout bolick
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