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Anatomy Assignment 3

Megan Welsh Englisch 70 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (70)

  1. 1. The greatest amount of carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide. True FalseFalse
  2. 2Carbon monoxide bonds to hemoglobin more effectively than does oxygen. True FalseTrue
  3. 3Ordinary air is about 21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide. True FalseTrue
  4. 4The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes. True FalseFalse
  5. 5The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax. True FalseFalse
  6. 6Pneumonia can be caused by A. bacteria, viruses, or fungi. B. viruses only. C. fungi only. D. bacteria only.A. bacteria, viruses, or fungi
  7. 7Emphysema results in A. a decrease in the total surface area of the respiratory membrane. B. loss of alveolar wall elasticityy. C. diminishment in the number of respiratory capillaries. D. all of the above.D. All of the above
  8. 8A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technicians suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, so they give the patients A. nitrogen and carbon dioxide. B. highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide. C. surfactant. D. blood transfusions.B. Highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide
  9. 9Police stop Richard for driving erratically at 3 AM and give him a breathalyzer test, which he fails miserably because of A. the thinness of his respiratory membranes. B. the thickness of his respiratory membranes. C. the excellent condition of his alveoli. D. excess surfactant secreted in response to alcohol.A. the thinness of his respiratory membranes
  10. 10In bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the lungs of newborns become inflamed and scarred. Most infants recover, but some die. An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord. The stem cells, in a lab dish, give rise to type II cells, which in turn give rise to more type I cells. In this treatment A. the type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells form the respiratory membrane. B. the type II cells secrete surfactant and the type I cells form the respiratory membrane. C. both type I and type II cells produce surfactant. D. the stem cells directly replace alveoli.B. The type II cells secrete surfactant and the type I cells form the respiratory membrane
  11. 11Alveoli are kept clean by the action of A. surfactant. B. antibodies. C. macrophages. D. platelets.C. macrophages
  12. 12The walls of the alveoli are composed of A. ciliated columnar epithelium. B. simple squamous epithelium. C. stratified squamous epithelium. D. areolar connective tissue.B. simple squamous epithelium
  13. 13Which of the following is important in maintaining the pH of blood? A. Oxygen B. Phosphate C. Carbon dioxide D. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxide
  14. 14"I'm going to hold my breath until I turn blue and stop breathing and die and it will be all your fault!" shrieked the 6-year-old at her father. The child was unable to carry out her threat because A. she never stopped talking long enough to try to hold her breath. B. increased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors. C. decreased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration and increased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors. D. she could not take in enough oxygen.B. increased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors
  15. 15The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as A. Dalton's law. B. Newton's law. C. Boyle's law. D. Starlings's law.C. Boyle's law
  16. 16The volume of air that enters (or leaves) during a single respiratory cycle is the A. inspiratory reserve volume. B. vital capacity. C. tidal volume. D. expiratory reserve volume.C. tidal volume
  17. 17The visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by A. loose connective tissue. B. dense connective tissue. C. a thin film of serous fluid. D. surfactant.C. a thin film of serous fluid
  18. 18The force that moves air into the lungs during inspiration comes from the A. diaphragm. B. external intercostal muscles. C. abdominal wall muscles. D. atmospheric pressure.D. atmospheric pressure
  19. 19The right lung has ______ lobes; the left lung has ______ lobes. A. superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior B. superior and inferior; superior; middle, and inferior C. anterior, posterior, and lateral; superior and inferior D. superior, middle, and inferior; anterior and posteriorA. superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior
  20. 20As the respiratory tube branches become smaller in diameter, A. they have increased cartilage. B. they have increased muscle fibers. C. the epithelial lining changes to connective tissue. D. the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium.D. the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium
  21. 21The pharynx functions as a ______, whereas the larynx functions as a ______. A. common passage for air and food; passageway for food only B. passageway for air only; passageway for air and food C. common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only D. passageway for food only, passageway for air and foodC. common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only
  22. 22Which of the following is not a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages? A. Warming inspired air B. Moistening inspired air C. Entrapping small particles D. Cooling exhaled airD. cooling exhaled air
  23. 23Breathing functions to A. deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide, which maintains the pH of the internal environment. B. inflate the lungs, which forces oxygen molecules into the bloodstream. C. deliver carbon dioxide to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of oxygen, which maintains the pH of the internal environment. D. deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from waste molecules.A. deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration
  24. 24The events of respiration are A. inhaling and exhaling. B. ventilation, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration. C. inflating and deflating alveoli. D. delivering carbon dioxide to cells and removing oxygen from cells.B. ventilation, external, and internal respiration, and cellular respiration
  25. 25Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter. True FalseTrue
  26. 26ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. True FalseTrue
  27. 27At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart. True FalseTrue
  28. 28The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of the glomerulus. True FalseFalse
  29. 29The new parents are stunned at the state of their newborn's soiled diaper - it is blue! What might be the cause of the odd diaper stain? A. ADH deficiency B. A defect in transport of the amino acid tryptophan in the small intestine C. A buildup of uric acid in the blood D. E. coli poisoningB. A defect in transport of the amino acid tryptophan in the small intestine
  30. 30The story of Balkan endemic nephropathy indicated that A. a toxin in food can damage kidneys and cause cancer in the urinary tract. B. kidney disease only affects people in Croatia. C. drinking too much alcohol can strain the kidneys. D. a terrorist can poison peoples' urinary systems by putting bacteria in the water supply.A. a toxin in food can damage kidneys and cause cancer in the urinary tract
  31. 31Kidney cells die as early as age A. 20. B. 30. C. 40. D. 50.A. 20
  32. 32Females are at higher risk of contracting a urinary tract infection because A. the female urethra is shorter than the male's. B. the female urethra is longer than the male's. C. women sit down to urinate. D. women use toilet paper when they urinate.A. the female urethra is shorter than the male's
  33. 33Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron? A. calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra B. renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra C. calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder D. renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethraA. calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
  34. 34Which of the following is not part of the male urethra? A. Prostatic urethra B. Membranous urethra C. Penile urethra D. Ductus deferensD. Ductus deferens
  35. 35The ureter extends downward A. behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. B. behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. C. in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. D. in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.B. behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.
  36. 36Shigatoxin is associated with A. endemic nephropathy. B. urinary tract infection. C. edema. D. hemolytic uremic syndrome.D. hemolytic uremic syndrome
  37. 37A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is A. uric acid. B. urea. C. ammonia. D. water.B. urea
  38. 38The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by _____. A. vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries B. vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries C. renin-angiotensin II vasoconstricting both the afferent and efferent arterioles D. increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsuleC. renin-angiotensin II vas constricting both the afferent an efferent arterioles
  39. 39Filtration rate in the glomerulus is increased by A. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole only. B. vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole only. C. both vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. D. both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole.D. both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
  40. 40Michael is 26 years old. He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Sean, however, becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because A. adults drink more liquid. B. infants grow rapidly. C. infant kidneys are less able to conserve water. D. the infant thirst mechanism is underdeveloped.C. infant kidneys are less able to conserve water
  41. 41Which of the following is a normal constituent of urine? A. Urea B. Water C. Creatinine D. All of the aboveD. all of the above
  42. 42The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the A. glomerular capsule. B. nephron loop. C. proximal convoluted tubule. D. distal convoluted tubule.C. proximal convoluted tubule
  43. 43Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the A. renal pelvis. B. minor calyx. C. renal tubule. D. ureter.C. renal tubule
  44. 44A renal corpuscle is a _____, whereas a renal tubule is a _____. A. cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule B. special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder C. storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside D. glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulusA. cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule
  45. 45The renal medulla is composed of _____, whereas the renal cortex is composed of _____. A. renal pyramids; ureters from nephrons B. renal columns; renal pyramids and nephrons C. renal corpuscles; nephron loops D. renal pyramids; renal corpusclesD. renal pyramids; renal corpuscles
  46. 46Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end? A. Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule B. Distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule C. Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule D. Collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubuleC. proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
  47. 47Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly. True FalseTrue
  48. 48The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. True FalseFalse
  49. 49Factors that alter water balance will also alter electrolyte balance. True FalseTrue
  50. 50Hyponatremia is A. another term for dehydration. B. caused by elevated levels of aldosterone. C. high blood sodium. D. more likely in runners who are in a long race, have an extreme body mass index, and drink a great deal during the event.D. more likely in runners who are in a long race, have an extreme body mass index, and drink a great deal during the event
  51. 51The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is A. neurological symptoms, dizziness, skin reddening, and then headache and racing heart. B. headache, dizziness, exhaustion, then sweating, which stops as the skin becomes red, hot, and dry. C. intense itching, profuse sweating, kidney failure, racing pulse, headache. D. fever, itching, redness, headache, numb extremities, vomiting.B. headache, dizziness, exhaustion, then sweating, which stops as the skin becomes red, hot, and dry
  52. 52Obstruction of the airways leads to A. respiratory acidosis. B. respiratory alkalosis. C. metabolic acidosis. D. metabolic alkalosis.A. respiratory acidosis
  53. 53Diabetes mellitus, in which fatty acids react to produce ketone bodies, leads to A. respiratory acidosis. B. respiratory alkalosis. C. metabolic acidosis. D. metabolic alkalosis.C. metabolic acidosis
  54. 54Hyperventilation leads to A. respiratory acidosis. B. respiratory alkalosis. C. metabolic acidosis. D. metabolic alkalosis.B. respiratory alkalosis
  55. 55Alkalosis is a pH of arterial blood A. below 7.35 B. above 7.35 C. below 7.45 D. above 7.45D. above 7.45
  56. 56Acidosis is a pH of arterial blood A. below 4.5 B. above 4.5 C. below 7.35 D. above 7.35C. below 7.35
  57. 57Acid-base buffers are the first line of defense against shifts in pH because A. they occur closest to the skin. B. they are slow and prolonged. C. they occur in everyone. D. they are fast.D. they are fast
  58. 58The respiratory center is most likely to increase the breathing rate if the A. concentration of carbonic acid is decreasing. B. pH of body fluids is decreasing. C. pH of body fluids is increasing. D. concentration of sodium bicarbonate is increasing.B. pH of body fluids is decreasing
  59. 59Which of the following is a physiological buffer? A. Bicarbonate buffer B. Phosphate buffer C. Protein buffer D. Renal mechanismD. Renal mechanism
  60. 60Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by A. converting weak acids to strong acids. B. converting strong acids to weak acids. C. increasing breathing rate. D. promoting the excretion of hydrogen ions.B. converting strong acids to weak acids
  61. 61If excess water enters the body, A. ADH release increases. B. more water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules. C. osmoreceptors in the brain swell. D. the collecting duct becomes more permeable to water.C. osmoreceptors in the brain swell
  62. 62Thirst is triggered when total body water decreases by as little as A. 1%. B. 10%. C. 25%. D. 58%A. 1%
  63. 63The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by _____ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by _____. A. an increase in the osmotic pressure; distension of the stomach by water B. a decrease in the osmotic pressure; stimulation of osmoreceptors C. a decrease in sodium ions; an increase in sodium ions D. nerve impulses from the cerebrum; nerve impulses from the thalamusA. an increase in the osmotic pressure; distension of the stomach by water
  64. 64Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. The stimulus to stop drinking comes from A. distension of her stomach. B. hormones secreted by stomach cells. C. changes in intracellular fluid concentration. D. changes in extracellular fluid concentration.A. distension of her stomach
  65. 65Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body? A. intracellular-all fluids outside cells B. extracellular-fluid in tissue spaces, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels C. extracellular-fluid in cells D. transcellular-between the lipid layers of cell membranesB. extracellular-fluid in tissue spaces, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
  66. 66Which is the largest compartment of extracellular water? A. Plasma B. Lymph C. Interstitial fluid D. Transcellular fluidC. Interstitial fluid
  67. 67Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of A. chloride and potassium ions. B. sodium and phosphate ions. C. potassium and phosphate ions. D. sodium and chloride ions.C. potassium and phosphate ions
  68. 68Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has A. more water and more adipose tissue. B. more water and less adipose tissue. C. less water and more adipose tissue. D. less water and less adipose tissue.C. less water and more adipose tissue
  69. 69Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in the A. cerebrospinal fluid. B. aqueous and vitreous humors of the eyes. C. synovial fluid of the joints. D. all of the above.D. all of the above
  70. 70Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because A. water dissolves in electrolytes. B. water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood. C. both form ions in blood. D. electrolytes are dissolved in water.D. electrolytes are dissolved in water

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Karteikarten am Anatomy Assignment 3 , erstellt von Megan Welsh am 11/11/2015.
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