Karteikarten
Chpt 10
Karten in diesem Stapel (42)
- 1incarcerationThe bodily confinement of a person in a jail
or prison. - 2penitentiaryA correctional institution based on the concept that
inmates could change their criminality through reflection and
penitence. - 3silent systemThe correctional practice of prohibiting inmates
from talking to other inmates. - 4inside cell blockPrison construction in which individual cells
are stacked back-to-back in tiers in the center of a secure
building. - 5congregate work systemThe practice of moving inmates from
sleeping cells to other areas of the prison for work, meals, and
recreation. - 6solitary confinement.solitary confinement The practice of confining an inmate such
that there is no contact with other people. - 7convict lease systemThe practice of some southern penal
systems leasing prisoners to private contractors as laborers. - 8chain gangIn the southern penal system, a group of convicts
chained together during outside labor. - 9prison farm systemIn the southern penal systems, the use of
inmate labor to maintain large, profit-making prison farms or
plantations. - 10Lombroso-based correctional philosophiesPhilosophies that
divided people into two distinct types: criminal and noncriminal.
Criminals were biologically determined and therefore not amenable
to rehabilitation or reform. - 11prison industryprison industry The sale of convict-made products and services.
- 12civil deathThe legal philosophy that barred a prison inmate
from bringing a lawsuit in a civil court related to his or her treatment
while incarcerated or related to conditions of incarceration. - 13Warren CourtThe U.S. Supreme Court years (1953–1969)
during which Chief Justice Earl Warren issued many landmark
decisions greatly expanding the constitutional rights of inmates
and defendants. - 14jailsShort-term multipurpose holding facilities that serve as the
gateway into the criminal justice system. - 15Native American country jailsShort-term incarceration facilities
on Native American land under the sovereign control of the
Native American tribe. - 16county department of correctionsAn independent county department
that supervises a county jail when the sheriff does not. - 17municipal jailsCity incarceration facilities separate from the
county jail for holding detainees and inmates sentenced for violation
of city codes. - 18police holding cellsAlso called booking cells and lockup facilities,
secure detention facilities for the purpose of temporarily
housing arrestees until they can be booked, can be moved to
another facility, can pay their bail, or are released. - 19state prisonsCorrectional facilities for prisoners convicted of
state crimes. - 20prisoner classificationThe reception and diagnosis of an
inmate to decide the appropriate security level in which to place
him or her and the services of placement. - 21prison consultantsPrivate people who give convicted defendants
advice and counsel on how best to present themselves
during classification and how to behave in prison. - 22initial placementThe assignment by the classification process
as to the first institution placement and security level of a
convicted defendant. - 23general prison populationThe nonrestricted population of
prison inmates who have access to prison services, inmate interactions,
programs, and recreations. - 24special prison populationsInmates with characteristics that may
result in significant risks to themselves, other inmates, or staff. - 25prison economyThe exchange of goods, services, and contraband
by prisoners in place of money. - 26disproportionate confinementThe nonrandom distribution of
people by race in correctional institutions. If the prison population
reflected the same demographics as the general population,
confinement would not reflect racial bias. - 27Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)The agency responsible for
the administrative oversight of federal prisons and jails. - 28correctional officersUniformed jail or prison employees whose
primary job is the security and movement of inmates. - 29administrative-maximum prisonThe highest security level
of prison operated by the U.S. Bureau of Prisons. Supermax
prisons are considered escape-proof regardless of the resources
of the inmate. - 30privatizationThe trend to house inmates in privately administered
prisons. - 31private prisonsPrisons that house local, state, or federal
inmates for a fee. - 32state liabilityA state’s liability for violations of an inmate’s
constitutional rights. - 33Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003An act that required the
Bureau of Justice Statistics to survey jails and prisons to determine
the prevalence of sexual violence in correctional facilities. - 34security-risk groupsGroups in prisons that raise special threats,
such as prison gangs. - 35contrabandSmuggled goods, such as drugs, cigarettes, money,
and pornography. - 36Section 1983 lawsuitsCivil lawsuits filed in federal court alleging
that the government has violated a constitutional right of the
inmate. - 37HIV/AIDSA disease that damages the body’s immune system.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person can be
HIV-positive and not have AIDS. - 38tuberculosis (TB)A contagious infectious disease caused by a
bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. - 39deinstitutionalizationThe movement of mentally ill offenders
from long-term hospitalization to community-based care. - 40total institutionsPrisons that meet all of the inmate’s basic
needs, discourage individuality, punish dissent, and segregate
those who do not follow the rules - 41prisonizationSocialization into a distinct prison subculture with
its own values, mores, norms, and sanctions - 42prison codeThe informal rules and expected behavior established
by inmates. Often the prison code is contrary to the official
rules and policies of the prison. Violation of the prison code can
be punished by use of violence or even death.