Karteikarten
Chemistry Key Definitions (OCR)
Karten in diesem Stapel (36)
- 1Atomic NumberThe number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- 2Mass NumberThe number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- 3Relative Isotopic MassThe mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of C-12.
- 4Relative Atomic MassThe weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of C-12.
- 5IsotopesAtoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
- 6MoleThe amount of substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of C-12.
- 7Avogadro's ConstantThe number of particles per mole of a substance. (6.02 x 10^23)
- 8Molar MassThe mass, in g, per mole of a substance. Units are gmol-1.
- 9Empirical FormulaThe simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
- 10Molecular FormulaThe actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
- 11Water of CrystallisationThe water present in a compound giving the compound a crystalline appearance.
- 12AcidReleases H+ ions in solution. (Proton donor)
- 13BaseA proton acceptor.
- 14AlkaliA soluble base that releases OH- ions when in solution.
- 15SaltA compound produced when a H+ ion from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion, such as the ammonium ion.
- 16AnhydrousWhen all the waters of crystallisation have been removed from a compound.
- 17HydratedWhen water of crystallisation is present in a crystal compound.
- 18Oxidation NumberA measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of a different element.
- 19OxidationThe loss of electrons/an increase in oxidation number (state).
- 20Oxidising AgentA reagent which oxidises another species (gets reduced itself).
- 21ReductionThe gain of electrons/a decrease in oxidation number (state).
- 22Reducing AgentA reagent that reduces another species (gets oxidised itself).
- 23RedoxA reaction were both oxidation and reduction take place.
- 24Displacement ReactionA reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from aqueous solution of its halide ions.
- 25DisproportionationA reaction in which an element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.
- 26Atomic OrbitalA region within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spins.
- 27S/P/D Block ElementHighest energy sub–shell is an S/P/D sub-shell.
- 28Ionic BondThe electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- 29Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.
- 30Dative (Co-Ordinate) BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms where only one of the atoms supplies both the electrons shared.
- 31ElectronegativityThe ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons towards itself in a covalent bond.
- 32Metallic BondingThe attraction of positive metal ions to delocalised electrons.
- 33PeriodicityThe repeating pattern of trends across different periods.
- 34Hydrogen BondA dipole-dipole attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom (N, O, F) of another molecule.
- 35First Ionisation EnergyThe energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions. Units are kJmol-1.
- 36Successive Ionisation EnergyA measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn.
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- Key Definition flashcards for those that struggle to learn them by looking at an A4 sheet.
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