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Hist 120 Exam 1

Omo Mora Hist 120 General Educational Development Certificate Englisch 65 Karten

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  1. 1What was the goals of Spanish Dutch French and English when the moved from the Old World (15,16th Century) to the New World (Mid 19th Century)When they came to the New World they wanted to recreate the Old World except for a few
  2. 2In what 2 ways did the Europeans start to change when they arrived in the New World1. The Environment
    2. Culture and Society
  3. 3How did the Europeans change in the New World due to the environmentThe great expanse of land changed European Tenantry and it created mass electorate and people were eligble to vote on how many acres they had instead of maney because there was so much more land. They also adopted the foods and persepectives of the Indians there
  4. 4How did the Europeans change in the New World due to slow cultural changesIndividualism grew in the New World over a few generations and has it's origin in Protestant reform and the society became a democratic political structure and focused on markets and national orientd parties
  5. 5How do perspectives in history affect events that happened in the past.It all depends what side you were on. EX. When the Europeans came to N.A. they called it the New World while for the Indians they were always there. (The Winners always write history)
  6. 6What groups of people are we going to focus on in this courseNative Americans, Africans and European Settlers in the North America when the European settlers came
  7. 7Who dubbed the term "Indians" for Native AmericansC. Colombus did even though they had been there for over 10,000 years
  8. 8Why is it so hard to classify the "Native Americans" or "Indians"Many tribes have names for themselves but they were all different and no one can agree. Some tribes say Indian others Native A. and this makes it hard for people to be politically correct
  9. 9Do " African Americans" have the problem of classifying themselvesTo a certain extent no. They have progressed from black, colored, etc. but now there is a general consensus that African American is ok. But with a new influx of Africans there is a new debate of who are the real "African" Americans
  10. 10Do "Hispanics" have problems classifying themselvesBecause there are so many groups and all have different preferred terms. Some like Latino or Chicano or even Mexican
  11. 11What did Europeans and American-born descendants (English, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, French) do to the Americas between the 16th and 18th centuriesThey attempted to establish settlements and empires in the Americas and this class will look at these differences in the establishments
  12. 12What group was imported to the Americas by Europeans in between the 16th and 19th centuriesAfricans were imported and they became slaves who labored in commercial agriculture especially on plantations. We focus on this group and there descendants in this class
  13. 13Did the year 0 exist in the days of christNo. It didn't exist because that number didn't exist. The first year in A.D. is actually 1 A.D. . Furthermore it's believed that Jesus was actually born 5 or 6 A.D.
  14. 14When Europeans first came into contact with Native Americans and Africans what did these two groups have in commonThey were both Illiterate
  15. 15Because Native Americans and Africans were illiterate how did they tell timeThey did it by using there own methods such as fables, myths and songs and especially oral tradition. They would use huge events like a flood or say how young a person was when the event happened. This method was effective for hunter gatherers and subsistence farmers
  16. 16There was is a considerable diversity between the Native Americans, African Americans and Europeans. What environment was as diverse as these groupsThe New World is as equally diverse as these groups
  17. 17What were Western Europe societies considered before the American colonization.They were considered to be late medieval societies
  18. 18What does ancient history consist ofIt consists of 3500 B.C. from Mesopotamia all the way to the disintegration of rome in 500 A.d
  19. 19What does Modern History consist ofit consists of things that happened in the last 500 years. Some scholars believe that it started in the 15 or 16th century. Others believe in 1492 when Colombus went to the new world.
  20. 20The period between the Modern History and the Ancient History is called whatIt is called the medieval period or Middle ages.
  21. 21When did the Discovery and settlement of America occur by EuropeansIt happened during the transition from medieval to modern periods, and much of America kept a medieval feel.
  22. 22Which era did most of the colonies look like.They retained a lot of medieval characteristics.
  23. 23What religious charachteristics did colonies retain that were religousThe colonies retained a Christian belief. They might all ahve different ideas and values but everyone retained a certian christianity. The religions of the Africans and the Native Americans varied more than the whites.
  24. 24When did the fragmentation of the Catholic church begin and whyThe fragmentation begin in 1517 when Martin Luther challenged the church. His challenges influenced people and they created new churches that were seen as more pure by them.
  25. 25How did the religous fragmentation in Europe endIt ended with the Pece of Westphalia in 1648. This put 1/3 of Europe as protestant and the 2/3 as catholic. This put the west as protestant and the east as catholic. The protestants split up and became a bunch of different sects.
  26. 26Where in America did most of the protestants go.The more conservative groups went to New England while the more equal groups went to Penssalylvania
  27. 27What two tech inventions help spread ProtestantismPaper / Printing and Substinence Farming
  28. 28How was archment madeParchment was made from the skins of animals that are bathed in a acid solution and then scraped and cleaned. These took time and used lots of animals.
  29. 29How is paper madeIt is made by mashing wooden fiber materials and made into a pulp that is then turned into paper. It is simpler and doesn't mean so many animals.
  30. 30How did paper spread the protestant faithPArchement was being used at first but was slow and costly and paper came in which was more efficient and could be used more.
  31. 31How did paper arrive in the EuropesIt came from china and then traded with the central Asians who passed it down to the middle east. The middle east sent it to Iberia where it caught on with the christians
  32. 32What did John Guttenburg doHe created the movable printing press. This made it easier and quicker to make print and allowed for the spread of many ideas like protestantism.
  33. 33How did the printing Press workIt used metal letter and numbers that would be imprinted in wood and then they would put in to a press hich would then be put on the paper.
  34. 34How did the printing press revolutionize EuropeIdeas from intellectuals and scientists were able to spread and influence many. Many more presses were made and the spread of ideas grew and they were able to make everything more efficient
  35. 35How did the press spread the protestant faithIt allowed the faith to spread and grow and it escaped the push from Catholics and others to stop it. The ideas spread and stuck if thr press hadn't been made the ideas wouldnt survive.
  36. 36What type of economic model help the protestant faith to spreadAgricultural production that was based on small rural peasant farms. (Subsistence farming)
  37. 37What were the most common food crops in Europe during the reformationCereal Grains like wheat barley and rye and people also cultivated beans and peas and also onions
  38. 38Where did potatoes come fromPotatoes were from the new world and were introduced to the new world in the e16th century. The came from an ancestor of a potato that was cultivated int he Andes. They then showed up in Spain and were used in Holland.
  39. 39How did the potato famine start and how did it affect and what countriesThe potato famine came from the monoproduction of potatoes that made it vulnerable to disease. This afected Ireland Germany and other areas of potato farming. This brought a wave of migration to the USA
  40. 40Why did people farm potatoesThe potatoes took up less space than the traditional cereal grains so it made more sense and they were able to produce more. It was also responsible for population growth.
  41. 41What else did the farmers make besides Cereal Grins and Potatoes in 1500They also tended animals and livestock like pigs and cattle. They worked in a barter economy and many stayed here and lived of the land (Subsistence FArming)
  42. 42What did a medieval diet consist ofIt was monotonous and didn't consist of much some flour stews cereal grains. Stuff that is European at the time and imagine we had no supermarkets
  43. 43Why was stew a luxury for peasant farmers.(1500)They didn't own too many animals and needed to keep them alive to survive. The stew would be saved for special occasions and they would be great for clebrations
  44. 44What happened to Europe between 900 and 1300 witht the continenets forestThey were almost completely wiped out and they almost destroyed the entire wood supply of the continent. It was used for land and agriculture and to build other goods
  45. 45How was wood used in Europe when it became in short supply(1500)They stopped using it for buildings and started using it for the energy and warmth. Thatch was used for roofing and it was good and more abundant than wood.
  46. 46Since the peasants of Europe built most of their stuff what did they make and what was it used for (1500)An example is flax which was used to make clothing. Wool from sheep was also used to make clothing. They used local materials to make tools. They were self dependent
  47. 47Were farmers completely self-sufficient (1500)No. They still had to rely on outside sources for iron to make tools and spices from different parts of the world.They also got furs and wood from other areas. They got them by bartering for goods but there was a limit and it was low
  48. 48How big were cities in the 1500There were rarely any cities and if there were they were small centers of political and religious ideas and congregation. 90% lived in rural areas
  49. 49Town (1500)Were generally only a few thousand and contained a church and a sheriff and other individuals that would enforce the governments will
  50. 50National Capitols (1500)Cities with about 10,000 people and had all the government offices and held small industries and a small marketplace
  51. 51What areas were growing much quicker than the normThe area around Paris, South Eastern England(Netherlands), London also grew exceptionally fast.
  52. 52What alphabet were languages based off and who spoke these languagesThey were based off the Roman Alphabet and most rural people were illiterate so the only ones who spoke were intellectuals and rich
  53. 53What were the two main languages that were used in EuropeThe two were Romance and Germanic languages
  54. 54Romance LanguiagesDescendants of the Roman Latin and include Italian french and spanish
  55. 55GermainicCame from tribes that moved from the east to the west and they adopted roman letters into their own languages
  56. 56Uralic LanguagesSpoken in Finland Hungary estonia and rflect the westward movement of the Magyar Tribes
  57. 57BasqueIs a language that is spoken between the Pyrenees which Are between FArnce and SPAIN
  58. 58What is english a mixtue ofIt is a mixture of romance and germanic languages with influences of the invasion of norman
  59. 59Was Private Property a belief of the European peopleThe Majority of the people believed in the individual rights of lAND and property.
  60. 60How did the view of poperty differ betweent the African and Natives vs. the colonistsEuropeans believed in the concept of private property while the N/A and Africans believed in sharing land. This would lead to lots of problems
  61. 61What type of political authority did Europe haveThe had a monarchy and or a lineage giving power usually the eldest son
    . The exception was Queen Elizabeth who shared her power with parliament.
  62. 62What social structure allowed for the king to rule effectivelyThe European family structure was Patriarchal, Patrilineal(passed on to boys) and monogamous (married to one person)
  63. 63Can a society be matriarchal or matralinealThere has never been a society that is matriarchal but there are many who have been matrilineal. They are two differnet things. The majority who are matrilineal have been gender neutral societies where women are leaders in one thing and men in others
  64. 64What is polygamyWhen a women or man has more than two partners. There have not been many polygamists and women almost never have 2 husbands
  65. 65The differences between English and Spanish SocietyEnglish: Protestant, power shared with monarch and PM, lots of international trade. and Isolated.
    Spain: Catholic, Central Monarch, little manufacturing domestic trade, many conflicts with others

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Omo Mora
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