Karteikarten
Managing earthquakes
Karten in diesem Stapel (14)
- 1To what extent can earthquakes be predicted?Scientists can predict where an earthquake is likely, within roughly a 30 year time span
- 2List 8 methods or equipment which can help to predict an earthquake.Radon gas sensors
Satellite surveying / remote sensing
Laser reflector
Levelling
Seismometer
Gravity meter - Magnetometer - Electrical resistivity meter
Strain meter
Water table level - 3What role does a radon gas sensor play?Measures increases in radon - an inert gas which is released from rocks (e.g. granite and limestone) at a faster rate when fractured
- 4What role do satellite surveying and remote sensing play? (Bonus: how accurate are they? how is the information received?)Surveying plate movement and minute surface changes
Accuracy down to a few cm
Data from satellites to Earth - processed by computers - 5What role do laser reflectors and levelling play?Allow a person to survey movement across a fault line
- 6What role does a seismometer play? (Bonus: how does this contribute to the bigger picture?)Receives and records shockwaves from epicentre
Feeds data to central computer
Analysis of patterns with data on past earthquakes - 7What role do gravity meters, magnetometers and electrical resistivity meters play?Measure changes in gravity and magnetic / electrical properties of rocks which all change as stress builds up
- 8What role does a strain meter play? (Bonus: why may this be useful in LEDCs?)Recorded stretching and compressing of Earth's crust
Low-tech substitutes can be made - 9What role does a water table level play?Measures changes in the level of water in wells (which rises and falls as stress builds)
- 10What other atmospheric information may be useful in predicting earthquakes? (Hint: visible light, infra-red) (Bonus: give an example)Low frequency electromagnetic activity
Changes in the ionospheric electron density and temperature
September 2004: South Japan earthquake - 11Give ways in which Japanese local authorities attempt to lessen the impact of an earthquake relating to buildings. (Hint: there are 5)Earthquake resistance standards for new buildings
Single-storey buildings
Soft-storey bases (cushioning effect)
June 2007: Law with safety regulations
Fire resistant buildings - 12Give other ways in which Japanese local authorities attempt to lessen the impact of an earthquake.Raise public awareness about disaster prevention
Improve earthquake prediction
Advanced fire fighting facilities
Areas of Specified Observation designated (e.g. Kobe) - 13Give an example of the fatal effects of non-earthquake proof structures.Cypress viaduct
Oakland, San Francisco
Loma Prieta earthquake
40 people killed - 14What solution may be put in place to make existing structures (e.g. freeways) more earthquake proof?'Retro-fitting'
Cross bracing - metal crosses support structure
Jackets - around concrete pillars
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Revision notes on the prediction and response measures used to combat the impact of earthquakes
- Erstellt von
- Jess Molyneux
- Aufrufe
- 27
- Bewertung