Karteikarten
Changing Urban Environments
Karten in diesem Stapel (41)
- 1What percentage of people live in urban areas in: 1) UK and USA 2) China 3) India1) 80%
2) 50%
3) 30% - 2What are the largest urban areas in the world by population?1) Tokyo-Yokohama
2) Jakarta
3) Delhi - 3What are the two causes of urbanisation?1) Rural to urban migration
2) Natural increase
The fact that many of the people that migrate into urban areas are quite young means that quite a bit of natural increase can follow. - 4Define urbanisation'A process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities resulting in their growth'
- 5Define rural--urban migration'A permanent move of home from the countryside to settle in cities or towns'
- 6Define natural growthThe difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place
- 7What is a megacity?A city with a population of >10million
- 8How has the industrial revolution led to urbanisation?People no longer needed in rural areas due to technological advances, so they move to the cities to get jobs.
- 9What are the pull factors (perceived attractions) of cities?--Jobs
--Economic stability
--Better healthcare
--Better education - 10London's population is projected to increase by 13% in the next decade. What is the main cause of this?Natural increase accounts for 90% of London's population growth.
- 11In 1973, the population of Las Vegas was 200,000. Now it's over 2 million. Why have so many people moved to Las Vegas?--Sunny weather
--Desert makes land cheap
--Access to full working city - 12What are the top three best managed cities in the world?1. Zurich
2. Singapore
3. Hong Kong - 13What are the three worst managed cities in the world?--Mumbai: slums; traffic problems
--Lagos: slums; crime
--Dhaka: population 14.4 mn; GDP/capita $1,600. Poor hygiene, overcrowding. - 14How does land use vary in an urban area?
- 15What are 5 issues affecting HIC cities?1. Housing
2. Traffic
3. Revitalizing image of the CBD
4. Cultural mix
5. Crime - 16Why has housing become an issue for cities in the UK?--UK population increased by 10.5% since 1971 and growth predicted to continue
--Number of households risen by 30% since 1971 - 17Why has the number of households in the UK increased?More people living alone because:
--young adults leaving home earlier
--marrying later
--more divorces
--people living longer - 18What are the advantages and disadvantages of building on brownfield vs greenfield sites?
- 19What three strategies are there to improve inner city deprivation?1. Urban Development Corporations (UDCs)
2. City Challenge
3. Sustainable communities - 20What are Urban Development Corporations?Large scale projects making major changes with the help of both public and private investment.
- 21How much public sector investment and how much private sector investment did the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) get?£1.86 billion public sector investment
£7.7 billion private sector investment - 22What are some of the biggest achievements of the LDDC?--431 ha of land sold for redevelopment
--144 km of new/improved roads
--Docklands Light Railway constructed
--24,000 new homes built
--762 ha of derelict land reclaimed
--11 new primary schools; 2 secondary
--85,000 people now work at Docklands
--94 awards for architecture, conservation and landscaping - 23What was the city challenge?An initiative that took a holistic approach to regeneration. Smaller scale compared to UDCs but involves a wider range of agencies and organisations. Local authorities, private companies, and the local community work together to effect regeneration.
- 24How has the city challenge improved the inner city of Hulme in Manchester?--Hulme received £37.5 million through the City Challenge
--Crescents built in the 1960s demolished, allowing a return to the traditional layout, and the rebuilding of Stretford Road
--2000 new homes designed to conserve water and be energy efficient
--Local schools and a new park built
--Views of locals taken into account - 25What is the sustainable communities strategy for improving the inner city?The focus is not just on housing, but also on creating jobs and a working community with facilities including healthcare and education.
- 26How has the sustainable communities strategy helped improve New Islington Millennium Village?--66 new houses
--Refurbished hospital, and a health centre with 8 GPs
--12 bridges; 300 new trees; 3000m of canalside
--10 new shops
--New bus lines and stops
--Metrolink public transport system
--Primary school; football pitch
--Boreholes to provide 25 litres/second naturally filtered water
--Recycling collection points that allow 50% domestic waste to be recycled - 27What strategies are there to reduce traffic problems in urban areas?
- 28Give an example of an area inside the CBD of London which has been revitalised and improved.Paternoster Square
- 29Why do businesses decide to set up in Paternoster Square?1) Accessible-- next to St. Paul's tube station
2) Restaurants and cafes set up there because thousands of people pass through it every day. Examples include Pret a Manger, Wasabi, Poncho8, The Paternoster
3) 70,000 square meters of office space - 30How has the environment at Paternoster Square been improved?Pedestrianized streets and open spaces, such as Paternoster Row and Queen's Head Passage
- 31What social improvements have been made to Paternoster Square?Increased CCTV and more security guards have reduced the crime rate
- 32What economic improvements have been made to Paternoster square?High tech infrastructure installed. The London Stock Exchange has the fastest broadband in the UK because it uses fibre-optic cables which can transmit a signal 100 times faster than electrical cables can.
- 33How have the regeneration efforts in Paternoster Square taken into account the changing way in which the CBD is being used?CBD now being used for commercial purposes as well as business purposes. Therefore, the first large shopping centre-- One New Change-- was built in the City of London, comprising of 52,000 square meters of floor space.
- 34What strategies are there for improving integration and the cultural mix of London?1) Increasing community involvement
2) Meeting the needs of minority groups (e.g halal butchers)
3) Increasing employment
4) Improving educational provision in deprived areas
5) Building facilities that encourage the meeting of all sections of a community - 35What strategy does the Young Vic theatre use to increase community involvement and encourage social cohesion?The Two Boroughs project allows any residents of the boroughs of Lambeth or Southwark to get a free ticket to see a show at the Young Vic, and provides discounted tickets for less affluent Londoners.
- 36What does the Young Vic theatre do to meet the needs of minority groups?It has an active policy that encourages ethnic minorities to apply for jobs. In 2014 it held a conference to discuss how to make UK TV more diverse.
- 37Name an employment service that helps those who are struggling to find a job. How does it help them?Jobcentre Plus was created by the Department of Work and Pensions. It financially helps those who are struggling to find employment by providing them with an allowance for living costs. It also provides social security benefits to those without a job due to illness or disability.
- 38Give a stat to illustrate a success of Jobcentre Plus.It helped 700,000 people to become employed between April 2005 and January 2006.
- 39What was the aim of the New Deal for Communities programme and and how did it achieve this aim?It aimed to bridge the gap between deprived communities and wealthier areas of the city with regards to educational under-achievement.
It did this by paying graduates out of university to teach in inner city schools first. - 40What was the London Challenge?A scheme implemented by the labour government which aimed to improve the poorest performing secondary schools in London and decrease the disparity in attainment between pupils in London. It was credited by Ofsted.
- 41What are some of the reasons for voluntary segregation (or clustering)?--Support from others
--Familiar culture
--Specialist facilities
--Safety in numbers
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- Beschreibung
- Characteristics and causes of urbanisation; land use in urban areas; HIC urban issues
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