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Karteikarten

Learning

Rachael Jones 2. Animal management 2 BVSc Englisch 39 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (39)

  1. 1What is learning?An adaptive process that occurs as a result of experience
  2. 2What is the difference between learning and a developmental process?Learning is a reversible behaviour and a response to environment rather than just being a one track event
  3. 3What are the 3 main different types of learning?1. Habituation
    2. Associative learning
    3. Social learning
  4. 4What is habituation?Learning not to respond to a stimulus
  5. 5Is habituation a permanent thing?No - there is persistent waning of the response to a stimuli
  6. 6To what type of stimuli is it possible to habituate to?Small irrelevant stimuli
  7. 7Once an animal habituates to one stimulus will it habituate to all types of stimulus?No- it is specific to the stimulus
  8. 8What can habituation sometimes get confused with?Fatigue - stop responding to a stimulus after a full day
    Habituation - will still not respond the next day
  9. 9What are the 2 types of associative learning?1. Classical conditioning (Pavlovian conditioning)
    2. Instrumental conditioning (Operant conditioning or Trial and Error learning)
  10. 10What is the general idea of associative learning?The animal making subconscious statistical links/ associations between events
  11. 11In classical conditioning what is the outcome with the unconditioned and conditioned response?They are the same
    eg salivation with dogs
  12. 12What does US, UR, CS and CR mean?US= unconditioned stimulus
    UR= unconditioned response
    CS= conditioned stimulus
    CR= conditioned response
  13. 13What is another term for a unconditioned response?Innate response
  14. 14Do you have to teach/train an animal with classical conditioning?Not necessarily - happens with associations of food box and being fed with dogs
  15. 15What is the outcome of instrumental conditioning?UR and CR are different due to an animal doing a new response
  16. 16What is the basis of animal training?Instrumental conditioning - associative learning
  17. 17How many steps does instrumental conditioning occur in?1 or 2 (first - CS and US)
  18. 18What is clicker training?Using the same type of method
  19. 19What are the 4 'laws' of conditioning?1. An increase in interval between CS and US presentation will decrease learning
    2. The speed or strength of learning increases with intensity of the CS, and the value of the US
    3. When the US (reinforcer) is with
  20. 20What is the problem with law 1 of conditioning?Confuses temporal contiguity (touching in time) and contingency (correlation)
  21. 21What is the most important factor associated with learning and law 1?Contingency - has there been any interference between bell and food being presented
  22. 22What has helped to show that contingency is the most important factor?Food aversion - animals will be put off eating something for up to 24 hours after it has made them feel 'ill'
  23. 23What will provide the best learning with relation to speed and strength?Big CS and US
  24. 24What happens when there continued CS but no US?Will stop showing the behaviour. Extinction
    eg, bell continues to ring but no food given so dogs will stop salivating at the bell
  25. 25What can occur when the 'bell' is reintroduced but again no food is given?Spontaneous recovery but then second extinction will occur
  26. 26Does law 4 hold completely true?No - some animals have a biological constraint to learn particular behaviours
  27. 27What does classical conditioning provide the ability to predict?The environment (but not control it)
  28. 28What does instrumental conditioning provide the ability to do?Predict and control the environment
  29. 29What is imprinting?A
  30. 30What will a young animal imprint on if mother isn't present?The next most likely thing to be its mother
  31. 31Is it possible to change what an animal imprints on?Yes - depends what it is imprinted on
    - If imprinted on tennis ball will be able to imprint on mother
    - But not vice versa
  32. 32What are reinforcers?Appetitive reinforcers - increase the likelihood of a behaviour
    - Can be positive or negative
  33. 33What are positive reinforces?- "Pleasant"
    - Arrival is contingent on behaviour
    - Increase the likelihood of the behaviour in future
    - No independent definition - varies from person to person
  34. 34What are negative reinforcers?- "Unpleasant"
    - Removal is contigent on behaviour
    - Increase the likelihood of the behaviour in the future
    - No independent definition
  35. 35What is punishment?- "Unpleasant"
    - Arrival is contingent on behaviour
    - Decreases the likelihood of behaviour in the future
  36. 36Is punishment effective in animal and human training?No - gives no indication of what animal should do
    -may elicit fear or resentment
  37. 37What is social learning?Individuals can learn off other individuals
  38. 38What can affect social learning in hens?Relationship between the hens
    - dominance
    - familiar/ unfamiliar
  39. 39What species of animal is known for being rubbish at social learning?Horses

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BVSc 2. Animal management 2 (Animal behaviour and welfare) Karteikarten am Learning, erstellt von Rachael Jones am 22/11/2016.
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