Karteikarten
Cartilage, Bone and Ossification
Karten in diesem Stapel (31)
- 1True or false: cartilage has its own blood supply.FALSE. Cartilage is avascular. It gets its nutrients by long range diffusion.
- 2Where are chondrocytes found in the matrix of cartilage?In lacunae.
- 3What did chondrocytes develop from?Chondroblasts.
- 4What are the three types of cartilage found in the body?1. Hyaline (most common)
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage - 5Where can hyaline cartilage be found?Embryonic skeleton (before ossification), articular ends of long bones, nose, trachea, costal cartilages, larynx.
- 6What four things make up the matrix of hyaline cartilage?GAGs, proteins, glycoproteins, type II collagen fibrils.
- 7What type of collagen fibrils are found in hyaline cartilage?Type II
- 8What percentage of hyaline cartilage is tissue fluid (water)? How is it held in place?75%. It is held in place by gel of the matrix.
- 9What is the function of the high water content of hyaline cartilage?It allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse to the innermost chondrocytes.
- 10How are the collagen fibres arranged in fibrocartilage? Why?They are arranged in parallel to resist stretch.
- 11Where in the body can fibrocartilage be found?Tendon insertions, articular menisci, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs.
- 12What are the main functions of fibrocartilage?To provide tensile strength and absorb shock.
- 13What is the function of elastic cartilage?Where in the body can it be found?To withstand repeated bending and maintain its shape - it can bend but springs back into position. Supports the larynx, epiglottis and external ear.
- 14What does elastic cartilage contain in addition to collagen fibres?Elastic fibres.
- 15True or false: bone is a form of connective tissue.True.
- 16What are the three main functions of bones?To support, protect and store minerals.
- 17What percentage of the matrix is made up by collagen fibres? What are the collagen fibres embedded in?95%. Embedded in GAGs and mineral salts.
- 18In what form are the mineral salts found in the matrix of bones?They are in a crystalline form of calcium phosphate called hydroxyapatite.
- 19What are bone cells called and where can they be found?Osteocytes. Found in lacunae.
- 20What are canaliculi in bones? What is their function?Canaliculi are canals tat connect lacunae. They permit tissue fluid to flow between lacunae and bathe the osteocytes.
- 21What are osteoclasts?Osteoclasts are multinucleate cells that destroy bone matrix and function in bone resorption.
- 22What is haemopoeisis? Where in the bone does it occur?Formation of blood cells. Occurs in the bone marrow.
- 23What are the two main forms of bones?Compact and spongy.
- 24What are the three main things that bone marrow contains?Adipocytes, stromal cells and haemopoietic cells.
- 25Describe the three stage process of intramembranous bone formation.Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells condense. Cells in the centre of the condensation form osteoblasts. Osteoblasts then produce osteoid (bone matrix).
- 26What happens to the osteoblasts during ossification?They become osteocytes.
- 27What did bone begin as before it became ossified?Hyaline cartilage.
- 28What is a diaphysis?A periosteal bone collar that occurs in the middle of the bone - first stage in endochondral ossification.
- 29When does ossification begin?At the 3rd prenatal month.
- 30At what age in both males and females are all the bones normally ossified?23 - females
25 - males - 31When does bone deposition normally occur? What is required for it to occur? What controls it normally?When bones are injured or need extra strength. Needs Vitamin A, C, D, calcium, magnesium and an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase. Hormones tend to control the process (significant in osteoporosis - hormone levels have changed).
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- Karteikarten am Cartilage, Bone and Ossification, erstellt von sophiakostich am 07/05/2013.
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- sophiakostich
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