Karteikarten
Morphology - basic terminology
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- 1lexemeabstract morphological entity that can be realized by different word forms; lexemes are included in dictionary, word forms are not
- 2complex wordconsists of more than one morpheme
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ex: reader, incredible, house keeper - 3monomorphemic wordconsist of only one morpheme
ex: dog, sedate, transfer - 4bound morphemehas to be attached to other morphemes
ex: un-, -ful, -able, -al
bound root: e. g. -sperse, - 5free morphemecan stand alone
ex: ball, head, book - 6affixcover term for all bound morphemes that attach to roots
- 7prefixaffix occuring before a morpheme
ex: un-, de-, anti- - 8suffixaffix occuring after a morpheme
ex: -less, -ful, -ly, -al, -an - 9infixintervening affix (rare in English)
ex: abso-bloody-lutely - 10basepart of a word to which an affix is attached
- 11stemword after inflectional suffix is removed
- 12rootsmallest base which cannot be analysed further into morphemes
- 13bound rootroot that only occurs in combination with some other bound morpheme
ex. Latinate later-, approb-, simul-
Germanic hap- - 14derivativederived word
- 15concatenationlinking together bases and affixes as in a chain
- 16concatenative processescompounding
affixation - 17nonconcatenative processesconversion
clipping
blends
acronyms
abbreviations - 18compoundinglinking two or more free morphemes in order to create a new lexeme; word-class is not changed
- 19affixationadding an affix to a morpheme in order to create a new lexeme; can change word-class, as well
- 20conversion (zero-suffixation, transposition9turning nouns into verbs by adding a "zero-morpheme"
e.g. water - to water - 21truncation (clipping)shortening by deleting parts of the base word
ex: demonstration - demo - 22blendingamalgamation of part of different words
ex: smog = smoke + fog
workaholic = worker + alcoholic - 23acronymscombining of initial letters of compounds or phrases into a pronounceable new word
ex: NATO, Laser - 24abbreviationUS, UK, EU, UN...
- 25word formationstudy of the ways in which new complex words are built on the basis of other words or morphemes
- 26semantic opacitymeaning of a word is not the sum of the meaning of its parts
ex: interview - 27compositionallinguistic expressions whose meaning is a function of the meaning of its parts
ex: unhappy --> un = not,
un+happy = not happy - 28allomorphdifferent morphs representing the same morpheme
- 29phonological conditioning of allomorphydistribution of allomorphs conditioned by sound structure
ex: the, a
/ði/, /ðe/
/ei/,/ə/ - 30morphological conditioning of allomorphyrealisation of base depends on following morpheme
NB: frequent in English derivation, applies for bases
ex: explain - explanation
/iks'plein/ - /ɛksplə'neiʃn/ - 31complementary distributionone variant is exclusively found in one environment, whereas the other variant is found exclusively in a different environment
- 32analogya new word is created on the basis of a single or very few model words without an existing word formation rule
ex: eyewitness - earwitness
hamburger - cheeseburger
alcoholic - workaholic - 33productivityproperty of a morpheme/ word-formation rule to coin new complex words
ex: -able --> highly productive
-th --> unproductive, limited list - 34possible/ potential worda word whose semantic, morphological or phonological structure is in accordance with rules and regularities of the language
- 35actual/ existing wordif we find a word attested in a text, used by a speaker and understood by others
- 36derivationprocesses which commonly change word-class of derivative
- 37What is morphology?Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words.
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- Beschreibung
- Staatsexamen Gymnasiallehramt Morphology Karteikarten am Morphology - basic terminology, erstellt von Melanie Neininger am 17/04/2014.
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- Melanie Neininger
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