Karteikarten
diagnostic testing
Karten in diesem Stapel (48)
- 1LPN's Role in Specimen collectionPatient Preparation
Prepare supplies and equipment
Patient care during procedure
post procedure care - 2Patient rightsInformed consent
verify with consent
very with oral consent
withdrawal of consent - 3Patient knowledgeexplain procedure
comprehends information
baseline assessment and vital signs
Patient's awareness of actual or potential medical diagnosis
previous experience with diagnostic testing - 4prepare supply and equipmentAnticipate physician’s needs
Obtain proper supplies and equipment
Facility policies regarding standard precautions
Knowledge of normal values of the test being performed - 5patient care during the procedureAnticipates patient’s needs
Special care for older adults
Cultural and ethnic considerations - 6Post Procedure CarePatient comfort
Post procedure complications
Deliver specimen to the laboratory
Document - 7What is the LPN's role in collecting specimens?Patient preparation
Patient knowledge
Preparing supplies & equipment
Patient care during procedures
Post procedure care - 8WBC with DifferentialNeutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils - 9RBC indicesMean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) - 10RBC's includeHemoglobin (HGB)
Hematocrit (HCT)
Platelet count
Platelet volume, mean (MPV) - 11Basic Metabolic PanelPreviously known as CHEM-7.
Blood, urea and nitrogen (BUN)
Calcium (Ca)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Chloride (Cl)
Creatinine
Glucose
Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na) - 12Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)Previously known as CHEM 12.
BUN
Calcium (Ca)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Chloride (Cl)
Albumin
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Bilirubin
Creatinine
Glucose
Potassium (K)
Sodium
phosphatase, alkaline
Protein, total - 13CPK (creatine phosphokinase)Found predominantly in the heart muscle, skeletal muscle and brain.
Elevated whenever injury occurs to muscles or nerve cells.
Levels generally rise within 4 to 8 hours after a heart attack, peak around 12 to 24 hours, then return to normal by 3 to 4 days. - 14After heart attack, blood levels of total LDH:Begin to rise within 24 to 72 hours
Peak at 2 to 5 days
Remain elevated for as long as 14 days
LDH-1: mainly from the heart.
Since LDH-1 is also found in red blood cells, an LDH-1 level can be caused by folic-acid anemia or megaloblastic anemia.
LDH-2: primarily from the reticuloendothelial system.
LDH-3: from the lungs and other tissues.
LDH-4: from the kidneys, placenta, and pancreas.
LDH-5: from the liver and striated muscle - 15CholesterolMain lipid associated with arteriosclerotic vascular disease.
Cholesterol is required for the production of steroids, sex hormones, bile acids, and cellular membranes. - 16lipoproteinsAccurate predictor of heart disease.
Proteins in the blood whose main purpose is to transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and other insoluble fats. - 17Lipid ProfileTotal cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL: good cholesterol
LDL: bad cholesterol
VLDL - 18Prothrombin time (PT)Evaluates the adequacy of the extrinsic system and common pathway in the clotting mechanism.
Measures the clotting ability of factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X. - 19International Normalization Ratio (INR)Designed to standardize values.
Best lab value for monitoring anticoagulation therapy. - 20Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)Used to monitor heparin therapy
- 21What labs are found on a BMP?BUN
CR
CA
Glucose
CO2
K
Cl
Na - 22What labs are found on a CMP not found on the BMP?AST
Albumin
ALP
Bilirubin
Total protein - 23Sputum AnalysisSputum specimen
From deep in bronchial tree
Early morning - 24Culturea laboratory test involving cultivation of microorganisms or cells in a special growth medium.
- 25Sensitivitya laboratory method of determining the effectiveness of antibiotics, usually performed in conjunction with culture
- 26Acid-Fact Bacilli (AFB) testtest for organism responsible for tuberculosis of the lung.
- 27Cytologystudy of cells, including their formation, origin, structure, function, biochemical activities, and pathology examination
- 28Urinary Analysis (UA)A total urinalysis involves multiple routine tests on a urine specimen
- 29Urinalysis routinely includes:Appearance
Ketones
Color
RBCs
Odor
WBCs
pH
Specific gravity
Protein
Glucose - 30UA appearanceNormal urine should be clear.
Cloudy urine may be caused by the presence of pus, RBCs, or bacteria.
May be cloudy due to ingestion of certain foods (fats, ureates or phosphates). - 31UA colorranges from pale yellow to amber because of the pigment urochrome.
-Color indicates the concentration of the urine and varies with specific gravity.
-Abnormal color may result from ingestion of foods and/or medicines. - 32UA odoraromatic odor of fresh, normal urine is caused by the presence of volatile acids.
Diabetic ketoacidosis has a strong, sweet smell of acetone.
UTI (urinary tract infections) may have a foul odor.
Fecal odor may be the results of an enterobladder fistula. - 33UA PHacid/base balance of the patient
Alkaline urine is common after eating.
Acid urine is considered normal.
Urine pH is useful in identifying crystals in the urine & determining the predisposition to form a given type of stone - 34UA Protiensensitive indicator of kidney function.
Protein is not normally seen in the urine due to normal glomerular filtration.
Proteinuria is the most important indicator of renal disease.
Also screens for complications of diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, and multiple myeloma. - 35UA Glucosemay indicate the likelihood of diabetes mellitus or other causes of glucose intolerance
- 36UA Specific Gravitymeasure of concentration of particles, including wastes and electrolytes in the urine.
- 37KetonesNormally no ketones are present in the urine.
Ketones are the end products of fatty acid breakdown - 38UA RBC presenceBleeding may be microscopic or gross.
suggests glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis, pyelonephritis, renal tumor or trauma - 39UA WBC presenceshould be negative unless there is a urinary tract infection
- 40Urine Culture and Sensitivity testObtained to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria
should be performed before antibiotic therapy is initiated
May be repeated after antibiotic therapy to assess for complete resolution of the infection - 4124 hour UATests of renal function and urine composition
Test requires the entire volume of urine from a 24 hour period be collected. - 42Stool AnalysisCollected for a variety of reasons
to determine the presence of infection
bleeding or hemorrhage
to observe the amount, color, consistency, and presence of fats
to identify parasites, ova, and bacteria - 43Guaiac (Hematest stools)The presence of blood in body waste is abnormal.
Blood in the stool may be bright red, which indicates that the blood is fresh and that the site of bleeding is in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Black, tarry feces indicate the presence of old blood and that the site of bleeding is higher in the GI tract. - 44Stool CultureStool contains many bacteria and flora
Common organisms are:
Enterococcus
Escherichia coli
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans
Bacteroides
Clostridium
Bacteria are indigenous to the bowel
Normal stool flora can become pathogenic if overgrowth of the bacteria occurs as a result of:
antibiotics
Immunosuppressants
overaggressive catharsis - 45SC acquired bacteriaAcquired bacteria:
Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter
Yersinia
Pathogenic E. coli - 46Common parasites which affect the stool are:Ascaris (hookworm)
Strongyloides (tapeworm)
Giardia (protozoans) - 47DocumentationRefer to medical record, care plan, or Kardex
Explain procedure
Encourage verbalization of concerns
Answer patient's question.
Obtain written consent as necessary
Prepare requisition form
Prepare patient for procedure
Assist physician with procedure
Label specimens in accordance with agency policy
Deliver specimens to laboratory promptly
Type of procedure
Time
Type of Specimen obtained
Sent to laboratory with requisition
Patient’s response
Patient teaching - 48Type of procedure, time, specimen obtained, patient response and teaching. Also, time specimen went to lab with appropriate requisition.What items need to be documented after a procedure?
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- GRE LPN Karteikarten am diagnostic testing, erstellt von Nick Hartwell am 08/05/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Nick Hartwell · Mai 2017
- Aktualisiert
- 8 Mai 2017
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