Karteikarten
attachment eval
Karten in diesem Stapel (13)
- 1Caregiver-infant interactionsHard to know what is happening when observing infants
Controlled observations capture fine detail
Observations dont tell us the purpose of synchrony and reciprocity - 2Attachment figuresInconsistent findings on fathers - different researchers interested in different research questions
If fathers have distinct roles why arent children without fathers different? - MacCullum and Golombok kids dont develop differently
Why don't fathers generally become primary attachments? - gender roles and female hormones
Socially sensitive research - 3Schaffer and Emerson studyGood external validity - research in own homes
Longitudinal design - good internal validity
Limited sample characteristics - hard to generalise
Cross cultural research - individualist vs collectivist - 4Stages of attachmentProblem studying asocial stage - not observable behaviour
Conflicting evidence on multiple attachments - collectivist cultures multiple attachments are the norm
Measuring multiple attachments - playmates
Schaffer and Emerson used limited behavioural measures - separation anxiety and stranger anxiety too crude measures - 5Lorenz's researchGeneralisability to humans
Some observations have been questioned - sexual imprinting can be reversed - 6Harlow's researchTheoretical value - contact comfort and later ability to raise children
Practical value - child neglect and abuse and breeding programmes for captive monkeys
Ethical issues - monkeys suffered greatly
Generalisability - 7Learning theoryCounter evidence from animal research - Lorenz and Harlow attachment regardless of who fed them
Counter evidence from human research - Schafer and Emerson primary attachment despite food
Learning theory ignores other factors associated with forming attachments - reciprocity and interactional synchrony
Some elements of conditioning still involved
Newer learning theory explanations - modelling and imitation of attachment behaviour - 8Bowlby's monotropic theoryMixed evidence - S+E found minority could form multiple attachments first
Support for social releasers - Brazleton primary attachments ignore babies signals, babies curled or motionless
Support for IWM - Bailey et al 99 mothers
Monotropy is socially sensitive
Temperament may be as imporatant as attachment - 9Strange SituationSupport for predictive validity - bullying study Kokkinos and adult mental health Ward et al
Good reliability - inter-rater reliability and behavioural categories
Culture-bound
Measures temperament instead
At least one more attachment type - disorganised - 10Cultural variations studyLarge samples - interval validity
Samples unrepresentative of culture - Sagi analysis in Japan
Method of assessment is biased - imposed etic of SS
Alternative explanation for cultural similarity - effect of mass media not innate
SS lacks validity - it is temperament rather than attachment - 11Maternal deprivationEvidence may be poor - war-orphans traumatised and had poor aftercare and thieves study really biased
Counter-evidence - Hilda Lewis prolonged separation did not predict criminality
Critical period more of a sensitive period - damage is not inevitable
Animal studies support maternal deprivation - rats separated from mother had permanent effects
Failure to distinguish between deprivation and privation - 12Effects of InstitutionalisationReal-life application - key worker
Few extraneous variables than other orphan studies could study without confounding variables of neglect, abuse etc
Romanian orphanages not typical
Ethical issues - randomly assigned
Long-term effects are not yet clear - 13Influence of early attachment on later relationshipsEvidence on continuity of attachment type is mixed - McCarthy support Zimmerman found little relationship
Most studies have issues of validity - assess infant-parent attachment years later
Association does not mean causality - alternative explanations, temperament and environment
Influence of early attachment is probabilistic - people not doomed
Self-report is conscious but IWMs arent
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- Karteikarten am attachment eval, erstellt von Emily O'Dell am 06/06/2017.
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- Emily O'Dell
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