Karteikarten
The Behavioural and Welfare Needs of Aquatic Species
Karten in diesem Stapel (25)
- 1Health and WelfareFurther studies required to determine presence/absence of abnormal behaviour
Zoological Info Management Systems
UK Fish & Aquatic Invertebrate Taxonomic Advisory Group - 2Animal ManagementClarification of marine/freshwater species from approved certified sustainable sources
Acquisitions from captive bred stocks/sustainable stock from wild with Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) certification - 3Animal Management 2Disposal of surplus animals must be legal & comply with laws
Release to wild should not be used as a method of disposal
All release programmes should comply with IUCN guidelines
Touch pools should be supervised - 4Conservation 34 aquariums in EU kept 2,344 species in 2004 199 species in breeding programmesFAITAG has 30+ participants, from non-BIAZA collections
EAZA ShellShock campaign hosted a life-sized inflatable turtle
UK community involved in reintro projects for Mexican live bearing fishes - 5EducationEducation strategies can combine formal teaching programmes as well as informal programmes targeted at visitors
Displaying natural history film footage
Employ staff to explain interesting stories - 6Aquatic species First aquarium was opened at London Zoo in 1853Range from highly developed mammals to lower invertebrates
Very different anatomy, physiology and behaviour
Evolution dates back 450 million years
28,500 species exist - 7Is the welfare of aquatic species important?Yes
Moral and ethical duty to them as have removed them from their environment
However, there is very little info on welfare of aquatic species - 8Sentience The conscious awareness of the animal to favourable of adverse conditionsA precondition for welfare concerns
Assume: not like us=don't feel like us=low sentience
Animal Welfare act 2006 covers fish but not invertebrates - 9The Aquatic Animal Health (England and Wales) Regulations 2009This only applies to Aquaculture (farming of fish)
- 10Fish WelfareLittle known about welfare, or capacity for suffering
Though current evidence suggests fish have capacity for pain perception and suffering
Therefore steps must be taken to ensure welfare of fish - 11Fact or Fiction?Scientists found fish trained to respond to certain sounds in captivity still reacted months later in the wild
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1106884/Three-second-memory-myth-Fish-remember-months.html - 12Fact or Fiction?Goldfish have been found to have three month memory, and can tell time
(by pushing lever for food at same time of day) - 13Dolphins in CaptivityCan suffer psychological problems linked to being captured and confined
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/7263571/Dolphins-can-be-traumatised-by-swimming-with-people.html - 14Orcas in Captivity Currently 42 in captivity in USA, Canada, Japan & France 136 taken from wild since 1961 120 now deadAverage captive lifespan=6.5y, max 20
Wild lifespan=up to 80y
Constantly pool circling, dorsal fin droops
Normally housed in too small pools - 15Sea Lions in CaptivityPerformance provides enrichment & health checks
Breed well & similar lifespan to wild
Obesity is an issue
Stereotypical behaviours - 16Aquariums Under legislation for Zoo Licensing Act 1981 & EC Zoos Directive 1999 Also have to meet SSSMZPThis requires high husbandry standards, engagement in conservation/education, and conduction of research
Lot of scrutiny from animal rights - 17Stereotypical behaviour in fishLittle info - BIAZA recommends research
Surface breaking in Rays - due to incorrect feeding
Skin wounds occur naturally due to mating - not welfare issue - 18Stereotypical behaviours 2Constantly/repeatedly swimming from between places
Decreased behaviours, eg. shoaling, swimming, feeding
Increased aggression
Signs of stress - gasping
Increased mortality/morbidity - 19Stocking densities Should allow fish to show most normal behaviour and avoid having to show abnormal behaviourSome fish prefer high density, others don't
Combined with too much/little water flow welfare much worse
Damaged fins, fin chewing, contact with fish - 20Feeding methodsHuge competition
Done in a way that reduces competition/aggression
Feed evenly & widely
Provide adequate amounts
Incorrect feeding leads to stress - 21Catching fishPoor welfare when fish hooked, removed from water, handled or kept in keep net
Lifting fish out of water has been proven to cause acute stress
Minimum handling - 22Environment and water conditionsTemp, salinity, pH, dissolved O2, organic/inorganic substances, light
Conditions outside preference: stress, distress, impaired health, mortality - 23Exhibit DesignSize & shape of tank must consider behaviour of species
Water quality, flow rates, lighting and life support systems must be designed to provide appropriate environment
Theme, substrate, planting - 24Diving Experience ExhibitsAppendix 6 of SSSMZP
Divers must be briefed on what and what not to do
Areas off limits for refuse
Diving kept to minimum - 25EducationPromote public education & awareness in relation to conservation of biodiversity
Provide info on species & natural habitat
Written education strategy
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- Beschreibung
- Zoo Animals (Ethics of Zoos) Karteikarten am The Behavioural and Welfare Needs of Aquatic Species, erstellt von serenacutbill am 17/05/2013.
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- serenacutbill
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