Karteikarten
Thoracic spine
Karten in diesem Stapel (17)
- 1specific functional abilities of thoracic spineventilation - provides mobile point of attachment for ribs to
facilitating respiration - allows mechanism for maximising inspiratory volume..
mobility of TS improves mobility of ribs, which improves ventilatory volume, allows for maximum change in intra-thoracic pressure - 2pedicles of t-spine segments are...?...long, allowing a larger vertebral canal... therefore stenosis is less likely in t-spine
- 3TPs are...?directed posteriorly, enhancing angle of rotation and efficiency of rotatores
- 4facets are...?nearly vertical, allowing some side bending but limit flexx & extxx
- 5costo-vertebral function can be affected by three catagories of body motion, which are?ventilatory motion
upper and lower extremity motion
trunk motion - 6ligamentous attachment and articular facet shape means different rib groups show different movements all enhancing respiratory function... what are these?ribs 2 to 6: dominantly rotatory movement.. pump handle movement
ribs 6 to 9: show sliding movements, outer surface of rib moves up and down.. bucket handle movement
rib 1: limited ROM due to sternal relationship and ligamentous attachments
range and type of movement can be influenced by respiratory stress (asthma/hyperventilation/copd) and age - 7diaphragm supports thoracic movements to...?alter pressure within thoracic cavity and lungs to drive ventilation
- 8peripheral muscular diaphragm converges on central tendon and is made up of which 3 parts?sternal: attaches to back of xiphoid process
costal: made of wide muscular slips that eminate from internal surface of inferior 6 ribs and costal cartilages, interdigiting with slips from TA
lumbar: from lumbar vertebrae by two pillars called musculotendinous crura, which attach on both sides of the aorta. - 9diaphragm sometimes contracts involuntarily due to?certain irritations:
eating too quickly, drink sodas, experience acid reflux or a stressful day
if air is inhaled during these contractions, space between vocal cords closes suddenly: hiccups
long term hiccups of several days usually caused by nerve irritation, eg following surgery to or near diaphragm affecting the phrenic nerve - 10as aging occurs thoracic wall compliance...?diminishes and importance of healthy diaphragmatic function increases
- 11clavicles are...the only bony link beteween UEX & axial skeleton via sc joint.. provides a route for force transmission from UEX to thorax.
giving anterior attachment to investing fascia of thoracic viscera.. pleura attach to medial surface of 1st rib and through strong fascia of subclavius to the clavicle - 12Which ribs are most susceptible to dysfunction and why?upper ribs - possibly due to integratory load of c-spine and shoulder girdle and proximity of neurovascular tissues...
this may be related to trauma of coughing, whiplash, maintained emotional stress and in hyperventilation syndrome. - 13locomotionsupports by allowing trunk rotation by virtue of facet direction, which supports integration of upper limb and c-spine
- 14Shoulder function.provides attachment for shoulder girdle during movement, enhance shoulder movement and stability and allow redirection and dissipation of torque and momentum within the thorax.
provides attachment point for muscles and tissues controlling the postural orientation of shoulder girdle and hand and aditionally, those allowing transmission of forces from shoulder to the body. - 15force dissipationattachment site for soft tissues connecting c-spine & trunk to allow transmission & dissipation of forces generated in these areas - mainly axial compression and rotational torque - essential for normal gait mechanics.
- 16protectionprotection and support of thoracic viscera and CNS.
supports sympathetic outflow C7 - L1/2 - 17adaptibility & compensationthanks to number of joints available for small movements and relative deformability of rib cage.
Relative elasticity of rib cage, rotatory capacity and volume of muscle attachments enable thorax to offer good degree of adaptability, especially in early life.
Also enables some compensation to occur in response to dysfunction