Cognitivism

COGNITIVISM

focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, language, and learning

Seligman

learned helplessness

animals did nothing in a specific situation

Köhler

trial and error approach

problem solving insight

Tolman

Purposive Behaviorism

cognitive mapping

motivation: perceptual organizer

expectancy = reinforcement

latent learning

Learning

discovering what leads

to what environment

internal change

organized body

of information

Gestalt Psychology

then whole is greater than the sum of its parts

perception is different from reality

problem solving

Contemporary

Cognitive Perspectives

informational-processing theory

constructivism

contextual theories

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

LEARNING THEORIES

gain information

and make decisions, adapt, act

observational learning

acquisition of verbal

and visual behavior codes

Bandura

Modelling

Reciprocal Determinism

Self-Efficacy

Self-Regulation

level of a person's confidence in their ability to successfully perform a behavior

Person

Environment

Behavior

Retention

Attention

Production

Motivation

learners can

through

resulting in

teaching

prompting

motivating

reducing anxiety

discouraging

judgment of one's behavior in relation to personal standards and environmental circumstances

influenced by

rooted in